Morphological and functional development of larval and juvenile Limanda yokohamae (Pisces: Pleuronectidae) reared in the laboratory
Tóm tắt
Morphological and behavioural aspects in larval development need to be studied in detail to understand the early life history better, and to gain a comprehensive knowledge on early life stages for fish species important in aquaculture and fisheries. In the present study, larvae of Limanda yokohamae (Günther) were reared to observe their behavioural development, and to obtain specimens for studying the morphological features and the intestinal development at Ohno, Hiroshima, Japan, in 1987. Swimming activity was monitored at several larval stages, and swimming speed was recorded until settlement and after-feeding behaviour was initiated. A slight increment of swimming speed was observed with larval growth. Larvae changed their swimming behaviour from surface waters to the bottom of the rearing tank when their eyes began to move. Morphological development of pigmentation patterns, fin development, squamation and the development of the digestive tract were described and illustrated in detail to characterize development stages, especially those relating to metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, growth ceased and rapid changes in allometric growth were accompanied by differentiation of the digestive tract. After metamorphosis there was steady growth, allometric growth achieved a constant value, and both the scales and digestive organs were fully formed. Metamorphosis was therefore a crucial developmental milestone, including a critical phase during which survival potential was lowered.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arthur, D. K. (1976). Food and feeding of larvae of three fishes occurring in the California current, Sardinops sagax, Engraulis mordax and Trachurus symmetricus. Fish. Bull. 74: 517–553
Bagarinao, T. (1986). Yolk resorption, onset of feeding and survival potential of larvae of three tropical marine fish species reared in the hatchery. Mar. Biol. 91: 449–459
Blaxter, J. H. S., Staines, M. E. (1971). Food searching potential in marine fish larvae. In: Crisp, D. J. (ed.) Fourth European Marine Biology Symposium. Cambridge University Press, London, p. 467–485
Fukuhara, O. (1983). Effect of prey density on the swimming behaviour of larval porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker). Bull. Nansei reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 15: 97–101
Fukuhara, O. (1985). Functional morphology and behavior of early life stages of red sea bream. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish. 51: 731–743
Fukuhara, O. (1986). Morphological and functional development of Japanese flounder in early life stage. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish. 52: 81–91
Fukuhara, O. (1987a). Recent trends in mariculture and seed production of fish in southern Japan. Nat. ocean. atmos. Adm. tech. Rep. Nat. mar. Fish. Serv. 47: 1–2
Fukuhara, O. (1987b). Larval development and behavior in early life stages of black sea bream reared in the laboratory. Bull. Jap. Soc. Scient. Fish. 53: 371–379
Fukuhara, O., Kishida, T. (1980). Some observations on the swimming behaviour as related to feeding in the red sea bream larvae reared under laboratory conditions. Bull. Nansei reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 12: 9–20
Houde, E. D. (1974). Effects of temperature and delayed feeding on growth and survival of larvae of three species of subtropical marine fishes. Mar. Biol. 26: 271–285
Hunter, J. R., Kimbrell, C. A. (1980): Early life history of Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus. Fish. Bull. 78: 89–101
Iwai, T. (1972). Feeding of teleost larvae: a review. La mar 10: 29–40
Jones, A. (1972). Studies on egg development and larval rearing of turbot, scophthalmus maximus L., and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus L., in the laboratory. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 52: 965–986
Jones, A., Prickett, R. A., Douglas, M. T. (1981). Recent developments in techniques for rearing marine flatfish larvae, particularly turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), on a pilot commercial scale. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer 178: 522–526
Kato, F., Okiyama, M., Tajima, M. (1974). External morphology and discrimination of two species of flounders belonging to the genus Limanda (L. yokohamae, and L. herzensteini) from the Japan sea. Bull. Jap. Sea reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 25: 63–87
Kuhlmann, D., Quantz, G., Witt, U. (1981). Rearing of turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus L.) on cultured food organisms and postmetamorphosis growth on natural and artificial food. Aquaculture, Tokyo 23: 183–196
Minami, T. (1981). The early life history of a flouder Limanda yokohamae. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish. 47: 1411–1419
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Government of Japan (ed.) (1987). Annual Report on Japan's Fisheries Fiscal 1985 Summary. MAFF, Tokyo
Quantz, G. (1985). Use of endogenous energy sources by larval turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Transactions of the Am. Fish Soc. Spec. Publs No. 114: 558–563
Rosenthal, H., Hempel, G. (1970) Experimental studies in feeding and food requirements of herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.). In: Steele, J. H. (ed.) Marine Food Chains. University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 344–364
Ryland, J. S. (1963). The swimming speeds of plaice larvae. J. exp. Biol. 40: 285–299
Ryland, J. S. (1966). Observations on development of larvae of the plaice, Pleuronectos platessa L., in aquaria. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Med 30: 177–195
Shelbourne, J. E. (1974). Population effects on the survival, growth and pigment of tank-reared plaice larvae. In: Jones, F. R. H. (ed.) Sea Fisheries Research. Elek Science, London, p. 357–377
Solemdal, P. (1967). The effect of salinity on buoyancy, size and development of flounder eggs. Sarsia 29: 431–442
Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, MAFF (ed.) (1985). Fisheries Statistics of Japan 1985. MAFF, Tokyo
Takahashi, K., Hoshiai, G., Abe, H. (1986). Distribution and migration of Limanda yokohamae (Günther) larvae in Ishinomaki bay and Mangoku bay Aquaculture, Tokyo 34: 1–8
Tsuruta, Y. (1978). Field observations on the immigration of larval stone flounder into the nursery ground. Tohoku J. agric. Res. 29: 136–145
Yamashita, Y., Aoyama, T. (1986) Starvation resistance of larvae of the Japanese sand eel Ammodytes personatus. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish. 52: 635–639
Yusa, T. (1960). Eggs and larvae of flatfishes in the coastal waters of Hokkaido. Bull. Tohoku reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 17: 15–30
Yusa, T., Forrester, C. R., Ioka, C. (1971) Eggs and larvae of Limanda yokohamae (Günther). Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Tech. Rep. 236: 1–21
Yusa, T. (1974). Early life history of Limanda yokohamae (Günther). In: Blaxter J. H. R (ed.) The Early Life History of Fish. Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 675–676