Localized articular cartilage defects

The Arthritis Society of Canada (Accessed: October 20, 2004). Arthroscope: Facts & Figures. Available: http://www.arthritis.ca/resources%20for%20advocates/arthroscope/facts/default. asp?s=1 [online] June 1, 2004. Arthritis Today — The Arthritis Foundation (Accessed: October 20, 2004). 52 ways to bite back-5 astounding figures. Available: http://www.arthritis.org/resources/arthritistoday/2003archives/2003_09_10_52_ ways_5figures.asp [online] May 18, 2004. Hunter, W. (1743), Phil. Trans., 42(470), 514–521. Mankin, H. J., Mow, V. C., Buckwalter, J. A., Iannotti, J. P., and Ratcliffe, A. (2004), In: Orthopaedic basic science. Biology and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. Buckwalter, J. A., Einhorn, T. A. and Simon, S. R. (eds.). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, pp. 444–470. Cormack, D. C. (2001), In: Essential histology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp. 175–208. Huber, M., Trattnig, S., and Lintner, F. (2000), Invest. Radiol. 35(10), 573–580. Kuettner, K. E., Aydelotte, M. B., and Thonar, E. J. (1991), J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 27, 46–48. Piez, K. A. (1997), Matrix Biol. 16(3), 85–92. Woodfield, T. B., Malda, J., de Wijn, J., Peters, F., Riesle, J., and van Blitterswijk, C. A. (2004), Biomaterials 25(18), 4149–4161. Li, W. J., Danielson, K. G., Alexander, P. G., and Tuan, R. S. (2003), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 67A(4), 1105–1114. Mankin, H. J., Mow, V. C., and Buckwalter, J. A. (2004), In: Orthopaedic basic science. Biology and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. Buckwalter, J. A., Einhorn, T. A., and Simon, S. R. (eds.). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, pp. 472–488. Hughston, J. C., Hergenroeder, P. T., and Courtenay, B. G. (1984), J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 66(9), 1340–1348. Aichroth, P. (1971), J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 53(3), 440–447. Green, J. P. (1966), J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 48(1), 82–91. Shelton, J. C., Bader, D. L., and Lee, D. A. (2003), Cells Tissues Organs 175(3), 140–150. Demarteau, O., Wendt, D., Braccini, A., et al. (2003), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310(2), 580–588. Grodzinsky, A. J., Levenston, M. E., Jin, M. S., and Frank, E. H. (2000), Ann. Rev. Biomed. Engr. 2, 691–713. Hall, A. C. (1999), J. Cell Physiol. 178(2), 197–204. Yamazaki, N., Browning, J. A., and Wilkins, R. J. (2000), Acta Physiol. Scand. 169(3), 221–228. Sanchez, J. C. and Wilkins, R. J. (2004), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 137(1), 173–182. Frank, E. H., Grodzinsky, A. J., Koob, T. J., and Eyre, D. R. (1987), J. Orthop. Res. 5(4), 497–508. Bassett, C. A. and Pawluk, R. J. (1972), Science 178(64), 982–983. Vasan, N. (1980), Biochem. J. 187(3), 781–787. Caterson, B., Flannery, C. R., Hughes, C. E., and Little, C. B. (2000), Matrix Biol. 19(4), 333–344. Maroudas, A. (1979), In: Adult articular cartilage. Freeman, M. A. R. (eds.). Pitman Medical Publishing Co., Tunbridge Wells, pp. 215–290. Freeman, M. A. R. and Meachim, G. (1979), In: Adult articular cartilage. Freeman, M. A. R. (eds.). Pitman Medical Publishing Co., Tunbridge Wells, pp. 487–543. Buckwalter, J. A. and Mankin, H. J. (1998), Arthritis Rheum. 41(8), 1331–1342. Gilbert, J. E. (1998), The Am. J. Knee Surg. 11(1), 42–46. Minas, T. and Nehrer, S. (1997), Articular Cartilage Defects 20(6), 525–538. Gross, A. E. (2003), J. Arthroplasty 18(3 Suppl 1), 14–17. Lussier, A., Cividino, A. A., McFarlane, C. A., et al. (1996), J. Rheumatol. 23(9), 1579–1585. Wobig, M., Dickhut, A., Maier, R., and Vetter, G. (1998), Clin. Ther. 20(3), 410–423. Torzilli, P. A., Grigiene, R., Borrelli, J., Jr., and Helfet, D. L. (1999), J. Biomech. Eng. 121(5), 433–441. Chen, A. C. and Sah, R. L. (1998), J. Orthop. Res. 16(5), 542–550. Wong, M., Wuethrich, P., Buschmann, M. D., Eggli, P., and Hunziker, E. (1997), J. Orthop. Res. 15(2), 189–196. Jay, G. D. (2004), Med. Health. R. I. 87(7), 213–215. Geier, K. A., Keeperman, J. B., Sproul, R. C., Roth, K., and Reynolds, H. M. (2002), Orthop. Nurs. 21(5), 25–32; quiz 32–34. Cohen, M. D. (1998), Bull. Rheum. Dis. 47(7), 4–7. Balazs, E. A. (2004), Surg. Technol. Int. 12, 278–289. Wen, D. Y. (2000), Am. Fam. Physician 62, 565–570. Marshall, K. W. (1998), J. Rheumatol. 25(11), 2056–2058. Johnson, L. L. (1986), Arthroscopy 2(1), 54–69. Friedman, M. J., Berasi, C. C., Fox, J. M., Del Pizzo, W., Snyder, S. J., and Ferkel, R. D. (1984), Clin. Orthop. (182), 200–205. Steadman, J. R., Rodkey, W. G., and Rodrigo, J. J. (2001), Clin. Orthop. (391 Suppl), S362–S369. Frisbie, D. D., Trotter, G. W., Powers, B. E., et al. (1999), Vet. Surg. 28(4), 242–255. Shapiro, F., Koide, S., and Glimcher, M. J. (1993), J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 75(4), 532–553. Blevins, F. T., Steadman, J. R., Rodrigo, J. J., and Silliman, J. (1998), Orthopedics 21(7), 761–767; discussion 767–768. Steadman, J. R., Rodkey, W. G., Briggs, K. K., and Rodrigo, J. J. (1999), Orthopade 28(1), 26–32. Johnson, L. L. (1991), In: Operative arthroscopy. McGinty, J. B. (eds.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 341–360. Buckwalter, J. A., Rosenberg, L. A., and Hunziker, E. B. (1990), In: Articular cartilage and knee joint function: basic science and arthroscopy. Ewing, J.W. (eds.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 19–56. Buckwalter, J.A. and Mow, V.C. (1992), In: Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and management. Moskowitz, R., Howell, D., Goldberg, V., and Mankin, H.J. (eds.). Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 71–107. Tippet, J. W. (1991), In: Operative arthroscopy. McGinty, J. B. (eds.). Raven Press, New York, pp. 325–339. Matsusue, Y., Yamamuro, T., and Hama, H. (1993), Arthroscopy 9(3), 318–321. Hangody, L., Kish, G., Karpati, Z., Szerb, I., and Udvarhelyi, I. (1997), Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 5(4), 262–267. Hangody, L. and Fules, P. (2003), J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 85-A (Suppl 2), 25–32. Grande, D. A., Pitman, M. I., Peterson, L., Menche, D., and Klein, M. (1989), J. Orthop. Res. 7, 208–218. Brittberg, M., Lindahl, A., Nilsson, A., Ohlsson, C., Isaksson, O., and Peterson, L. (1994), N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895. Minas, T. and Peterson, L. (1997), Operative Tech. Orthop. 7, 323–333. Vacanti, C. A., Langer, R., Schloo, B., and Vacanti, J. P. (1991), Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 88(5), 753–759. Sams, A. E. and Nixon, A. J. (1995), Osteoarthritis Cartilage 3(1), 47–59. von Schroeder, H. P., Kwan, M., Amiel, D., and Coutts, R. D. (1991), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 25(3), 329–339. Lu, L., Zhu, X., Valenzuela, R. G., Currier, B. L., and Yaszemski, M. J. (2001), Clin. Orthop. Related Res. 391S, S251-S270. Hou, Q., De Bank, P. A., and Shakesheff, K. M. (2004), J. Mater. Chem. 14, 1915–1923. Godbey, W. T. and Atala, A. (2002), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 961, 10–26. Coutts, R. D., Healey, R. M., Ostrander, R., Sah, R. L., Goomer, R., and Amiel, D. (2001), Clin. Orthop. Related. Res. 391S, S271-S279. Kim, B.-S. and Mooney, D. (1998), Tibtech. 16, 224–230. Schmedlen, R. H., Masters, K. S., and West, J. L. (2002), Biomaterials 23(22), 4325–4332. Tan, W. and Desai, T. A. (2003), Tissue Eng. 9(2), 255–267. Tan, W. and Desai, T. A. (2003), Biomed. Microdev. 5(3), 235–244. Luo, Y. and Shoichet, M. S. (2004), Nat. Mater. 3(4), 249–253. Freed, L. E., Hollander, A. P., Martin, I., Barry, J. R., Langer, R., and Vunjak-Novakovic, G. (1998), Exp. Cell Res. 240(1), 58–65. Faustman, D. L. and Pedersen, R. L. (2002), Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 961, 45–47. Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., et al. (1999), Science 284, 143–147. Dounchis, J. S., Goomer, R. S., Harwood, F. L., Khatod, M., Coutts, R. D., and Amiel, D. (1997), J. Orthop. Res. 15(6), 803–807. Hiraki, Y., Shukunami, C., Iyama, K., and Mizuta, H. (2001), Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9 (Suppl A), S102-S108. Jakob, M., Demarteau, O., Schafer, D., et al. (2001), J. Cell Biochem. 81(2), 368–377. Johnstone, B. and Yoo, J. (2001), Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1(6), 915–921. Glowacki, J. (2000), J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 37(2), 171–177. Young, H. E., Mancini, M. L., Wright, R. P., et al. (1995), Dev. Dyn. 202(2), 137–144. Glowacki, J. (1996), Clin. Orthop. (324), 47–54. Wakitani, S., Goto, T., Pineda, S. J., et al. (1994), J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 76(4), 579–592. Im, G. I., Kim, D. Y., Shin, J. H., Hyun, C. W., and Cho, W. H. (2001), J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 83(2), 289–294. Chu, C. R., Dounchis, J. S., Yoshioka, M., Sah, R. L., Coutts, R. D., and Amiel, D. (1997), Clin. Orthop. (340), 220–229. Kang, R., Ghivizzani, S. C., Muzzonigro, T. S., Herndon, J. H., Robbins, P. D., and Evans, C. H. (2000), Clin. Orthop. (375), 324–337. Yoo, J. U., Mandell, I., Angele, P., and Johnstone, B. (2000), Clin. Orthop. (379 Suppl), S164–S170. Grande, D. A., Breitbart, A. S., Mason, J., Paulino, C., Laser, J., and Schwartz, R. E. (1999), Clin. Orthop. (367 Suppl), S176–S185. Reddi, A. H. (2000), Tissue Eng. 6(4), 351–359. Reddi, A. H. (2001), Arthritis Res. 3(1), 1–5. Perka, C., Schultz, O., Spitzer, R. S., and Lindenhayn, K. (2000), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 52(3), 543–552. Salem, A. K., Rose, F. R., Oreffo, R. O., et al. (2003), Adv. Mat. 15(3), 210–213. Temenoff, J. S., Athanasiou, K. A., LeBaron, R. G. and Mikos, A. G. (2002), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 59(3), 429–437. Elisseeff, J., Anseth, K., Sims, D., McIntosh, W., Randolph, M., and Langer, R. (1999), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96(6), 3104–3107. Elisseeff, J., McIntosh, W., Anseth, K., Riley, S., Ragan, P., and Langer, R. (2000), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 51(2), 164–171. Au, A., Ha, J., Polotsky, A., et al. (2003), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 67A(4), 1310–1319. Kuo, C. K. and Ma, P. X. (2001), Biomaterials 22(6), 511–521. Westhaus, E. and Messersmith, P. B. (2001), Biomaterials 22(5), 453–462. Heggli, M., Tirelli, N., Zisch, A., and Hubbell, J. A. (2003), Bioconjug. Chem. 14(5), 867–973. Lutolf, M. P. and Hubbell, J. A. (2003), Biomacromolecules 4(3), 713–722. Kisiday, J., Jin, M., Kurz, B., et al. (2002), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(15), 9996–10001. Thornton, A. J., Alsberg, E., Albertelli, M., and Mooney, D. J. (2004), Transplantation 77(12), 1798–1803. Osada, Y. and Matsuda, A. (1995), Nature 376(6537), 219. Lendlein, A. and Langer, R. (2002), Science 296(5573), 1673–1676. Shin, H., Temenoff, J. S., and Mikos, A. G. (2003), Biomacromolecules 4, 552–560. Holy, C. E., Cheng, C., Davies, J. E., and Shoichet, M. S. (2001), Biomaterials 22, 25–31. Miot, S., Woodfield, T., Daniels, A. U., et al. (2005), Biomaterials 26(15), 2479–4289. Pelletier, S., Hubert, P., Payan, E., Marchal, P., Choplin, L., and Dellacherie, E. (2001), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 54(1), 102–108. Holy, C. E., Dang, S. M., Davies, J. E., and Shoichet, M. S. (1999), Biomaterials 20, 1177–1185. Joachim, K. (2004), Nat. Mat. 3, 745–747. Jain, K. K. (2003), Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3(2), 153–161. Shen, Y., Tolic, N., Masselon, C., et al. (2004), Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378(4), 1037–1045. Feynman, R. P. (Feb 1960) Engineering and science (California Institute for Technology). Carella, M., Volinia, S., and Gasparini, P. (2003), J. Nephrol. 16(4), 597–602. Emerich, D. F. and Thanos, C. G. (2003), Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 3(4), 655–663. Whitesides, G. M. and Love, C. J. (2001), Scientific American Sept. 39–47. Lieber, C. M. (2001), Scientific American Sept. 59–64. Alivisatos, P. A. (2001), Scientific American Sept. 67–73. Chun, A. L., Moralez, J. G., Fenniri, H., and Webster, T. J. (2004), Nanotechnology 15, S234-S239. Chun, A. L., Moralez, J. G., Webster, T. J., and Fenniri, H. (2004), Biomaterials (Special Issue on Canadian Biomaterials Research), paper submitted. Biron, E., Voyer, N., Meillon, J. C., Cormier, M. E., and Auger, M. (2000), Biopolymers Pep. Sci. 55(5), 364–372. Bell, T. W. (1998), Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2(6), 711–716. Ghadiri, M. R., Granja, J. R., and Buehler, L. K. (1994), Nature 369(6478), 301–304. Fernandez-Lopez, S., Kim, H. S., Choi, E. C., et al. (2001), Nature 412(6845), 452–455. Leevy, W. M., Donato, G. M., Ferdani, R., Goldman, W. E., Schlesinger, P. H., and Gokel, G. W. (2002), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(31), 9022–9023. Fenniri, H., Mathivanan, P., Vidale, K. L., et al. (2001), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123(16), 3854–3855. Fenniri, H., Deng, B. L., and Ribbe, A. E. (2002), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124(37), 11064–11072. Fenniri, H., Deng, B. L., Ribbe, A. E., Hallenga, K., Jacob, J. and Thiyagarajan, P. (2002), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(Suppl 2), 6487–6492. Fenniri, H., Packiarajan, M., Ribbe, A. E., and Vidale, K. L. (2001), Polymer Preprints 42(2), 569–570. Mascal, M., Hext, N. M., Warmuth, R., Moore, M. H., and Turkenberg, J. P. (1996), Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 35(19), 2204–2206. Webster, T. J. (2001), In: Advances in chemical engineering. Nanostructured materials, Vol. 27, Ying, J.Y. (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 125–166. Price, R. L., Waid, M. C., Haberstroh, K. M., and Webster, T. J. (2003), Biomaterials 24, 1877–1887. Price, R. L., Haberstroh, K. M., and Webster, T. J. (2003), Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 41, 372–375. Webster, T. J., Waid, M. C., McKenzie, J. L., Price, R. L., and Ejiofor, J. U. (2004), Nanotechnology 15, 48–54. Webster, T. J. (2003), American Ceramic Society Bulletin 82(6), 23–28. Webster, T. J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R. H., Segel, R. W., and Bizios, R. (2000), Biomaterials 21, 1803–1810. Webster, T. J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R. H., Siegel, R. W., and Bizios, R. (2000), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 21, 1803–1810. Webster, T. J., Siegel, R. W., and Bizios, R. (2001), Scripta Materialia 44(8/9), 1639–1642. Webster, T. J., Schadler, L. S., Siegel, R. W., and Bizios, R. (2001), Tissue Engineering 7(3), 291–301. Kyung, M. W., Chen, V. J. and Ma, P. X. (2003), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 67A, 531–537. Ma, P. X. and Zhang, R. (1999), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 46, 60–72. Stupp, S. I. and Ciegler, G. W. (1992), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 26, 169–183. Stupp, S. I., Mejicano, G. C., and Hanson, J. A. (1993), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27, 289–299. Stupp, S. I., Hanson, J. A., Eurell, J. A., Ciegler, G. W., and Johnson, A. L. (1993), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27, 301–311. Hartgerink, J. D., Beniash, E., and Stupp, S. I. (2001), Science 294(5547), 1684–1688. Dee, K., Thomas, T., and Andersen, R. B. (1998), J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 40, 371–377. Raez, J., Moralez, J. G., and Fenniri, H. (2004), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 16298–16299. Kay, S., Thapa, A., Haberstroh, K. M., and Webster, T. J. (2002), Tissue Engineering 8, 753–761. Savaiano, J. K. and Webster, T. J. (2003), Biomaterials 25, 1205–1213. Park, G. E., Park, K., and Webster, T. J. (2005), Biomaterials 26, 3075–3082.