Assessment of earthworm burrowing efficiency in compacted soil with a combination of morphological and soil physical measurements
Tóm tắt
Column experiments were carried out to quantify the effect of earthworms on compacted soil. The earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were able to burrow into soil which was artificially compacted to a pore volume as low as 40%; they may also penetrate an artificial “plough pan” deep in the soil. The effect of the burrowing activity of Lumbricus terrestris was quantified by measuring hydraulic conductivities and infiltration rates through the whole soil column (19 cm wide, 40 cm long). Morphological parameters, mainly the vertically projected burrow depth, were correlated with the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The amount of casts deposited by Lumbricus terrestris on the soil surface increased with the degree of soil compaction. The bulk density of casts was always less than that of the original soil.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Altemüller H-J (1962) Gedanken zum Aufbau des Bodens und seiner begrifflichen Erfassung. Z Kulturtechn 3:323–336
Altemüller H-J, Joschko M (1990) Einfluß der Regenwürmer auf das Bodengefüge. Mitt Naturhist Mus Braunschweig (in press)
Baker SW (1981) The effect of earthworm activity on the drainage characteristics of winter sport pitches. J Sports Turf Res Inst 57:9–23
Barley KP (1959) Earthworms and soil fertility. The influence of earthworms on the physical properties of a red-brown earth. Aust J Agric Res 10:371–377
Bouma J (1981) Soil morphology and preferential flow along macropores. Agric Water Manag 3:235–250
Dexter AR (1978) Tunnelling in soil by earthworms. Soil Biol Biochem 10:447–449
Diestel H (1990) Soil structure and soil water movement. Physical environment series, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (in press)
Graff O, Hartge KH (1974) Der Beitrag der Fauna zur Durchmischung und Lockerung des Bodens. Mitt Dtsch Bodenk Gesellsch 18:447–460
Hillel D (1971) Soil and water: Physical principles and processes. Academic Press, New York
Joschko M (1989) Einfluß von Regenwürmern (Lumbricidae) auf verdichteten Boden. Modellversuche. Doctorate dissertation, Technical University Braunschweig, FRG
Joschko M, Altemüller H-J (1989) Dünnschliff-Untersuchungen und Regenwurm-Losung. Mitt Dtsch Bodenk Gesellsch (in press)
Kemper WD, Jolley P, Rosenau RC (1988) Soil management to prevent earthworms from riddling irrigation ditch banks. Irrig Sci 9:79–87
Kladivko EJ, MacKay AD, Bradford JM (1986) Earthworms as a factor in the reduction of soil crusting. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:191–196
Kobel-Lamparski A, Lamparski F (1987) Burrow constructions during the development of Lumbricus badensis individuals. Biol Fertil Soils 3:125–129
Kretzschmar A (1978) Quantification écologique des galeries de lombriciens: Techniques et première estimations. Pedobiologia 18:31–38
Kretzschmar A (1988) Simulated earthworm burrow systems: Structural parameters and functional patterns. Biol Fertil Soils 6:252–261
Kretzschmar A (1989) Burrowing potential of the earthworm Aporrectodea longa against soil compaction: Experimental assessments. In: Kretzschmar A, Galéries de lombriciens en réseaux: Structures fonctionelles et signatures comportementales. Thesis Université de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, France
Lavelle P (1988) Earthworm activities and the soil system. Biol Fertil Soils 6:237–251
Lopes Assad ML (1987) Contribution à l'étude de la macroporosité Lombricienne de differents types des sols de France. Doctorate dissertation, University of Montpellier, France
Marinissen JCY (1989) Theory and practice of methods to study soil structure formation by earthworms. In: Dzwillo M (ed) Int Symp Terr Oligochaetes Hamburg 1987, Mitt Hamburgischen Zoolog Mus Instit (in press)
McKenzie BM, Dexter AR (1987) Physical properties of the casts of the earthworm Apporectodea rosea. Biol Fertil Soils 5:152–157
McKenzie BM, Dexter AR (1988a) Axial pressures generated by the earthworm Apporectodea rosea. Biol Fertil Soils 5:323–327
McKenzie BM, Dexter AR (1988b) Radial pressures generated by the earthworm Apporectodea rosea. Biol Fertil Soils 5:328–332
Piearce TG (1984) Earthworm populations in soils disturbed by trampling. Biol Cons 29:241–252
Poier KR (1986) Luft-Einschluß bei Befeuchtung von LößbodenMatrix und der “Luftquellungs-Druck” als Ursachen der Lockerung oder der Porenumverteilung. Graduate Thesis, University of Göttingen, FRG
Rushton SP (1986a) Development of earthworm populations on pasture land reclaimed from open-cast coal mining. Pedobiologia 29:27–32
Rushton SP (1986b) The effects of soil compaction on Lumbricus terrestris and its possible implications for populations on land reclaimed from open-cast coal mining. Pedobiologia 29:85–90
Vetter H, Lichtenstein H (1968) Die biologische Auflösung von Unterbodenverdichtungen. Landwirtsch Forsch Sonderh 22:85–88
Wendt K (1988) Untersuchungen zum Grabeverhalten von L. terrestris. Graduate Thesis, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, FRG