Relations of Growth in Effortful Control to Family Income, Cumulative Risk, and Adjustment in Preschool-age Children

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology - Tập 43 - Trang 705-720 - 2014
Liliana J. Lengua1, Lyndsey Moran1, Maureen Zalewski2, Erika Ruberry1, Cara Kiff3, Stephanie Thompson1
1Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
2University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
3University of California, Los Angeles, USA

Tóm tắt

The study examined growth in effortful control (executive control, delay ability) in relation to income, cumulative risk (aggregate of demographic and psychosocial risk factors), and adjustment in 306 preschool-age children (50 % girls, 50 % boys) from families representing a range of income (29 % at- or near-poverty; 28 % lower-income; 25 % middle-income; 18 % upper-income), with 4 assessments starting at 36–40 month. Income was directly related to levels of executive control and delay ability. Cumulative risk accounted for the effects of income on delay ability but not executive control. Higher initial executive control and slope of executive control and delay ability predicted academic readiness, whereas levels, but not growth, of executive control and delay ability predicted social competence and adjustment problems. Low income is a marker for lower effortful control, which demonstrates additive or mediating effects in the relation of income to children’s preschool adjustment.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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