Impact of biochar application on nitrogen nutrition of rice, greenhouse-gas emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics in two paddy soils of China

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 370 - Trang 527-540 - 2013
Zubin Xie1,2, Yanping Xu1,3, Gang Liu1, Qi Liu1,3, Jianguo Zhu1, Cong Tu2, James E. Amonette4, Georg Cadisch5, Jean W. H. Yong6, Shuijin Hu2
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
2Soil Ecology Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
3Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
4Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
5Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
6Life Science, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore

Tóm tắt

Two field microcosm experiments and 15N labeling techniques were used to investigate the effects of biochar addition on rice N nutrition and GHG emissions in an Inceptisol and an Ultisol. Biochar N bioavailability and effect of biochar on fertilizer nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) were studied by 15N-enriched wheat biochar (7.8803 atom% 15N) and fertilizer urea (5.0026 atom% 15N) (Experiment I). Corn biochar and corn stalks were applied at 12 Mg ha−1 to study their effects on GHG emissions (Experiment II). Biochar had no significant impact on rice production and less than 2 % of the biochar N was available to plants in the first season. Biochar addition increased soil C and N contents and decreased urea NUE. Seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions with biochar were similar to the controls, but significantly lower than the local practice of straw amendment. N2O emissions with biochar were similar to the control in the acidic Ultisol, but significantly higher in the slightly alkaline Inceptisol. Carbon-balance calculations found no major losses of biochar-C. Low bio-availability of biochar N did not make a significantly impact on rice production or N nutrition during the first year. Replacement of straw amendments with biochar could decrease CH4 emissions and increase SOC stocks.

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