Assessment of spinal cord injury by counting corticospinal and rubrospinal neurons

Brain Research - Tập 410 - Trang 299-308 - 1987
Rajiv Midha1,2, Michael G. Fehlings1,2, Charles H. Tator1,2, Jean A. Saint-Cyr2,3, Abhijit Guha1,2
1Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada
2Playfair Neuroscience Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont. Canada
3Department of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abercrombie, 1946, Estimation of nuclear population from microtome sections, Anat. Rec., 94, 239, 10.1002/ar.1090940210 Afelt, 1974, Functional significance of ventral descending tracts of the spinal cord in the cat, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 34, 393 Allen, 1914, Remarks on the histopathological changes in the spinal cord due to impact. An experimental study, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 41, 141, 10.1097/00005053-191403000-00002 Armitage, 1976 Balentine, 1978, Pathology of experimental spinal cord trauma. The necrotic lesion as a function of vascular injury, Lab. Invest., 39, 236 Bennett, 1977, Experimental decompression of spinal cord, Surg. Neurol., 8, 63 Brown, 1971, Projections and terminations of the corticospinal tract in rodents, Exp. Brain Res., 13, 432, 10.1007/BF00234340 Brown, 1974, Rubrospinal projections in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 154, 169, 10.1002/cne.901540205 Deeke, 1973, Neurophysiological assessment of afferent and efferent conduction in the injured spinal cord of monkeys, J. Neurosurg., 39, 65, 10.3171/jns.1973.39.1.0065 Dohrmann, 1971, The microvasculature in transitory traumatic paraplegia. An electron microscopic study in the monkey, J. Neurosurg., 35, 253, 10.3171/jns.1971.35.3.0263 Dolan, 1979, A new method for testing the force of clips for aneurysms or experimental spinal cord compression, J. Neurosurg., 51, 229, 10.3171/jns.1979.51.2.0229 Donoghue, 1982, The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping, J. Comp. Neurol., 212, 76, 10.1002/cne.902120106 Donoso, 1977, Dimethylsulfoxide action of fast axoplasmic transport and ultrastructure of vagal axons, Brain Research, 120, 287, 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90907-6 Draper, 1981, Families of transformation, 237 Ducker, 1971, Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma, J. Neurosurg., 35, 700, 10.3171/jns.1971.35.6.0700 Eidelberg, 1981, Consequences of spinal cord lesions upon motor function with special reference to locomotor activity, Prog. Neurobiol., 17, 185, 10.1016/0301-0082(81)90013-7 Eidelberg, 1976, A model of spinal cord injury, Surg. Neurol., 6, 35 Eidelberg, 1981, Anatomical correlates of return of locomotor function after partial spinal cord lesions in cats, Exp. Brain Res., 42, 81, 10.1007/BF00235732 Gibson, 1984, A sensitive low artifact TMB procedure for the demonstration of WGA-HRP in the CNS, Brain Research, 298, 235, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91423-9 Goshgarian, 1983, Cell death and changes in the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in rubrospinal neurons following spinal cord hemisection in adult rats, J. Comp. Neurol., 214, 251, 10.1002/cne.902140303 Goshgarian, 1981, The phrenic nucleus of the albino rat: a correlative HRP and Golgi study, J. Comp. Neurol., 201, 441, 10.1002/cne.902010309 Grillner, 1975, Locomotion in vertebrates. Central mechanisms and reflex interaction, Physiol. Rev., 55, 247, 10.1152/physrev.1975.55.2.247 Gwyn, 1971, Acetylcholinesterase activity in the red nucleus of the rat. Effects of rubrospinal tractotomy, Brain Research, 35, 447, 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90487-2 Hall, 1974, Organization of motor and somatosensory neocortex in the albino rat, Brain Research, 66, 23, 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90076-6 Hicks, 1977, Locating corticospinal neurons by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, Exp. Neurol., 56, 410, 10.1016/0014-4886(77)90357-0 Ingebrittsen, 1933, Coordination mechanisms of the spinal cord, Genet. Psychol. Monogr., 13, 483 Keifer, 1985, Functional role of the hamster pyramidal tract during locomotion, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 11, 1030 Khan, 1983, Acute spinal cord injury in the rat: comparison of three experimental techniques, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 10, 161, 10.1017/S031716710004484X Ko¨nigsmark, 1970, Methods for the counting of neurons, 315 Mesulam, 1978, Tetramethylbenzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry: a non-carcinogenic blue reaction-product with superior sensitivity for visualizing neural afferents and efferents, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26, 106, 10.1177/26.2.24068 Pendergast, 1976, Changes in the magnocellular portion of the red nucleus following thoracic hemisection in the neonatal and adult rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 166, 163, 10.1002/cne.901660204 Ramon Y Cajal, 1973, Vol. II, 482 Ranson, 1913, The fasciculus cerebro-spinalis in the albino rat, Am. J. Anat., 14, 411, 10.1002/aja.1000140402 Reid, 1975, Cytoarchitectonic and Golgi study of the red nucleus in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 162, 337, 10.1002/cne.901620305 Richardson, 1984, Regeneration of long spinal axons in the rat, J. Neurocytol., 13, 165, 10.1007/BF01148324 Richardson, 1982, Peripheral nerve autografts in the rat spinal cord: studies with axonal tracing methods, Brain Research, 237, 147, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90563-7 Rivlin, 1977, Objective clinical assessment of motor function after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat, J. Neurosurg., 47, 577, 10.3171/jns.1977.47.4.0577 Rivlin, 1978, Effect of duration of acute spinal cord compression in a new acute cord injury model in the rat, Surg. Neurol., 10, 39 Rosene, 1978, Fixation variables in horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry. I. The effects of fixation time and perfusion procedures upon enzyme activity, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26, 28, 10.1177/26.1.413864 Saint-Cyr, 1981, Sources of descending afferents to the inferior olive from the upper brain stem in the cat revealed by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, J. Comp. Neurol., 198, 567, 10.1002/cne.901980403 Sandborn, 1975, The influence of dimethylsulfoxide on cellular ultrastructure and cytochemistry, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 243, 122, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb25351.x Schramm, 1979, Experimental spinalcord injury produced by slow, gradual compression. Alterations of cortical and spinal evoked potentials, J. Neurosurg., 50, 48, 10.3171/jns.1979.50.1.0048 Schramm, 1983, Clinical signs and evoked response alterations associated with chronic experimental cord compression, J. Neurosurg., 58, 734, 10.3171/jns.1983.58.5.0734 Schreyer, 1982, Growth and targeting finding by axons of the corticospinal tract in prenatal and postnatal rats, Neuroscience, 7, 1837, 10.1016/0306-4522(82)90001-X Steeves, 1980, Localization of a descending pathway in the spinal cord which is necessary for controlled treadmill locomotion, Neurosci. Lett., 20, 283, 10.1016/0304-3940(80)90161-5 Tarlov, 1957 Tator, 1984, Effect of acute spinal cord injury on axonal counts in the pyramidal tracts of rats, J. Neurosurg., 61, 118, 10.3171/jns.1984.61.1.0118 Wagner, 1971, Histopathology of transitory traumatic paraplegia in the monkey, J. Neurosurg., 35, 272, 10.3171/jns.1971.35.3.0272 Waldron, 1969, Descending nerve tracts in the spinal cord of the rat. 1. Fibers from the midbrain, J. Comp. Neurol., 137, 143, 10.1002/cne.901370203 Wallace, 1983, Regeneration activity in the spinal cord after acute compression injury in rats, Surg. Forum, 34, 515 Wesselmann, 1984, The effects of previous transection on quantitative estimates of the preganglionic neurons projecting to the cervical sympathetic trunk of the guinea pig and the cat made by retrograde labelling of damaged axons by horseradish peroxidase, Neuroscience, 13, 1299, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90299-9 Wise, 1979, Somatotopic organization of corticospinal and corticotrigeminal neurons in the rat, Neuroscience, 4, 65, 10.1016/0306-4522(79)90218-5