Collimator design for single photon emission tomography

Anger HO (1964) Scintillation camera with multichannel collimators. J Nucl Med 5:515–531 Barlow HB (1978) The efficiency of detecting changes of density in random dot patterns. Vision Res 18: 637–650 Barrett HH, Smith WE, Myers KJ, Milster TD, Fiete RD (1985) Quantifying the performance of imaging systems. In: Schneider RH, Dwyer SJ (eds) Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIII. Proc Soc Photo-opt Instrumen Eng 535:6569 Barrett HH, Myers KJ, Wagner RF (1986) Beyond signal-detection theory. In: Schneider RH, Dwyer SJ (eds) Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV. Proc Soc Photo-opt Instrumen Eng 626:231–239 Beck RN, Redtung LD (1985) Collimator design using ray-tracing techniques. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci NS 32:865–869 Budinger TF (1990) Advances in emission tomography: quo vadis? J Nucl Med 31:628–631 Burgess AE, Wagner RF, Jennings RJ, Barlow HB (1981) Efficiency of human visual signal discrimination. Science 214:93–94 Burgess AE, Jennings RJ, Wagner RF (1982) Statistical efficiency: a measure of human visual signal-detection performance. J Appl Photogr Eng 8:76–78 Chang W, Li SQ, Williams JJ, Bruch PM, Wesolowski CA, Ehrhardt JC, Kirchner PT (1988) New methods of examining gamma camera collimators. J Nucl Med 29:676–683 Cullum ID, Brown NJG, Christmas P, Jarritt PH, Sefton JP, Short MD, Woods MJ (1991) A proposal regarding the management of SPELT uniformity correction. Nucl Med Commun 12:299–300 (abstract) deVries DJ, Moore SC, Zimmerman RE, Mueller SP, Friedland B, Lanza RC (1990) Development and validation of a Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport in an Anger camera. IEEE Trans Med Imag 9:430–438 Fiete RD, Barrett HH, Smith WE, Myers KJ (1987) The Hotelling trace criterion and its correlation with human observer performance. J Opt Soc Am A 4:945–953 Genna S, Smith AP (1988) The development of ASPECT, an annular single crystal brain camera for high efficiency SPELT. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci NS 35:654–658 George M, Ring H, Costa DC, Kouris K, Jarritt PH, Ell PJ (1991) Neuroactivation and neuroimaging with SPET. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Gerber MS, Miller DW (1974) Parallel-hole collimator design. J Nucl Med 15:724–725 Gillen GJ, Hilditch TE, Elliott AT (1988) Nonisotropic point spread function as a result of collimator design and manufacturing defects. J Nucl Med 29:1096–1100 Glick SJ, King MA, Knesaurek K, Burbank K (1989) An investigation of the stationarity of the 31 modulation transfer function of SPECT. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 36:973–977 Gullberg GT, Zeng ZL, Christian PE, Datz FL, Morgan HT (1991) Cone beam tomography of the heart using SPECT. Invest Radiol 26:681–688 Hanson KM (1983) Variations in task and the ideal observer. Proc Soc Photo-opt Instrumen Eng (Application of optical instrumentation in medicine XI), SPIE Proc 419:60–67 Hanson KM (1984) Optimal object and edge localization in the presence of correlated noise. Proc Soc Photo-opt Instrumen Eng, SPIE Proc 454:9–17 Heller SL, Goodwin PN (1987) SPECT instrumentation: performance, lesion detection, and recent innovations. Semin Nucl Med 17:184–199 Hero AO, Shao L (1990) Information analysis of single-photon emission computed tomography with count losses. IEEE Trans Med Imag 9:117–127 Holman BL, Carvalho PA, Zimmerman RE, Johnson KA, Tumeh SS, Smith AW, Genna S (1990) Brain perfusion SPECT using an annular single crystal camera: initial clinical experience. J Nucl Med 31:1456–1561 Hor G (1988) Myocardial scintigraphy — 25 years after start. Eur J Nucl Med 13:619–636 Hotelling H (1931) The generalization of Student's ratio. Ann Math Stat 2:360 Ichihara T (1990) Development of a high resolution SPECT system. Toshiba Med Rev 33:29–35 Ichihara T, Matsudaira M, Yamada M (1991) Basic development of the Toshiba digital gammacamera, model GCA-9300A. In: Hisada K (ed) An atlas of second generation SPECT. Maruzen Planning Network, Japan, pp 13–19 ICRP (1988) Publication 53. Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals. Annals of the ICRP. Pergamon, Oxford Jarritt PH, Ell PJ (1984) Gamma camera emission tomography — quality control and clinical applications. Alden, Oxford Jaszczak RJ, Chang LT, Murphy PH (1979) Single photon emission computed tomography using multi-slice fan beam collimators. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 26:610–618 Jaszczak RJ, Floyd CE, Manglos SH, Greer KL, Coleman RE (1986) Cone-beam collimatoon for single-photon emission computed tomography: analysis simulation and image reconstruction using filtered backprojection. Med Phys 13:484–489 Judy PF, Swensson RG (1985) Detection of small focal lesions in CT images: effects of reconstruction filters and visual display windows. Br J Radiol 58:137–145 Judy PF, Swensson RG (1988) Detectability of equally visible disks at unknown locations. Radiology 169(P):239 Judy PF, Swensson RG, Szulc M (1981) Lesion detection and signal-to-noise ratio in CT images. Med Phys 8:13–23 Keller EL (1968) Optimum dimensions of parallel-hole, multi-aperture collimators for gamma-ray cameras. J Nucl Med 9:233–235 Keyes JW, Fahey FH, Harkness BA (1990) Tips for high quality SPECT. SNM Computer and Instrumentation Council Newsletter Kibby PM (1969) The design of multichannel collimators for radioisotope cameras. Br J Radiol 42:91–101 Kijewski MF, Judy PF (1987) The noise power spectrum of CT images. Phys Med Biol 32:565–575 Kimura K, Hashikawa K, Etani H, et al. (1990) A new apparatus for brain imaging: a four-head rotating gamma camera single-photon emission computed tomograph. J Nucl Med 31:603–609 Larsson SA, Bergstrand G, Bergstedt H, Berg J, Flygare O, Schnell PO, Andersson N, Lagergren C (1984) A special cut-off gamma camera for high-resolution SPECT of the head. J Nucl Med 25:1023–1030 Lim CB, Chang LT, Jaszczak RJ (1980) Performance analysis of three camera configurations for single photon emission computed tomography. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 27:559–568 Lim CB, Walker R, Pinkstaff C, et al. (1986) Triangular SPECT system for 3-D total organ volume imaging: performance results and dynamic imaging capability. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 33:501–504 Mather RL (1957) Gamma-ray collimator penetration and scattering effects. J Appl Phys 28:1200–1207 Metz CE, Atkins FB, Beck RN (1980) The geometric transfer function component for scintillation camera collimators with straight parallel holes. Phys Med Biol 25:1059–1070 Moore SC, Kijewski MF, Mueller SP, Holman BL (1988) SPECT image noise power: effects of nonstationary projection noise and attenuation compensation. J Nucl Med 29:1704–1709 Moyer RA (1974) A low-energy multihole converging collimator compared with a pinhole collimator. J Nucl Med 15:59–64 Muehllehner G (1985) Effect of resolution improvement on required count density in ECT imaging: a computer simulation. Phys Med Biol 30:163–173 Muehllehner G, Luig H (1973) Septal penetration in scintillation camera collimators. Phys Med Biol 18: 855–862 Muehllehner G, Dudek J, Moyer R (1976) Influence of hole shape on collimator performance. Phys Med Biol 21:242–250 Mueller SP, Pollak JF, Kijewski MF, Holman BL (1986) Collimator selection for SPECT brain imaging: the advantage of high resolution. J Nucl Med 27:1729–1738 Mueller SP, Kijewski MF, Moore SC, Holman BL (1990) Maximum-likelihood estimation — a mathematical model for quantitation in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med 31:1693–1701 Myers KJ, Barrett HH (1987) Addition of a channel mechanism to the ideal-observer model. J Opt Soc Am A 4:2447–2457 Myers KJ, Barrett HH, Borgstrom MC, Patton DD, Seeley GW (1985) Effect of noise correlation on detectability of disk signals in medical imaging. J Opt Soc Am A 2:1752–1759 Myers KJ, Wagner RF, Brown DG, Barrett HH (1989) Efficient utilization of aperture and detector by optimal coding. In: Schneider RH, Dwyer SJ, Jost RG (eds) Medical Imaging III: image formation. Proc Soc Photo-Opt Instrumen Eng 1090:164–175 Nakajima K, Hisada K, Matsudaira M (1990) Applications of a three-detector SPECT system in heart disease. Toshiba Med Rev 33:43–50 NEMA (1986) NU 1. Performance measurements of scintillation cameras. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Washington DC Newiger H, Jordan K (1985) Optimization of collimators for imaging positron emitters by a gamma camera. Eur J Nucl Med 11:230–234 Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Plummer D, Carson R (1982) An analysis of signal amplification using small detectors in positron emission tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6:551–556 Polak JF, Holman BL, Moretti JL, Eisner RL, Lister-James J, English RJ (1984) I-123 HIPDM brain imaging with a rotating gamma camera and slant-hole collimator. J Nucl Med 25:495–498 Raeside DE (1976) Monte Carlo principles and applications. Phys Med Biol 21:181–197 Riederer SJ, Pelc NJ, Chesler DA (1978) The noise power spectrum in computed X-ray tomography. Phys Med Biol 23:446–454 Shao L, Hero AO, Rogers WL, Clinthorne NH (1989) The mutual information criterion for SPELT aperture evaluation and design. IEEE Trans Med Imag 8:322–336 Swensson RG, Judy PF (1981) Detection of noisy visual targets: models for the effects of spatial uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio. Perception Psychophysics 29:521–534 Tsui BMW (1978) Letter. Phys Med Biol 23:1203 Tsui BMW, Metz CE, Atkins FB, Starr SJ, Beck RN (1978) A comparison of optimum detector spatial resolution in nuclear imaging based on statistical theory and on observer performance. Phys Med Biol 23:654–676 Tsui BMW, Metz CE, Beck RN (1983) Optimum detector spatial resolution for discriminating between tumor uptake distributions in scintigraphy. Phys Med Biol 7:775–788 Tsui BMW, Gullberg GT, Edgerton ER, et al. (1986) Design and clinical utility of a fan beam collimator for SPELT imaging of the head. J Nucl Med 27:810–819 Wagner RF, Barrett HH (1987) Quadratic tasks and the ideal observer. Proc SPIE 767:306–308 Wagner RF, Brown DG (1985) Unified SNR analysis of medical imaging systems. Phys Med Biol 30:489–518 White TA, Barrett HH, Cargill EB, Fiete RD, Ker M (1989) The use of the Hotelling trace to optimize collimator performance (abstract). J Nucl Med 30:892