Guilt and depression: Two different factors in individuals with negative symptoms of schizophrenia

European Psychiatry - Tập 28 - Trang 327-331 - 2013
L. Rabany1,2,3, M. Weiser2,4, Y. Levkovitz2,3,5
1Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
3The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, The Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, PO Box 94, Hod-Hasharon, Israel
4Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
5Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States

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AbstractObjective:Depression is common among schizophrenia patients and constitutes a major risk factor for suicide. Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS) is the most widely used instrument for measuring depression in schizophrenia. CDSS has never been examined in patients with predominant negative symptoms, thus possibly hindering both accurate assessment and understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The current study is the first to examine CDSS’ structure in this population.Methods:We conducted Principal Component Analysis (n= 184) for the CDSS items. Thereafter, we correlated emerging factors with psychopathological, demographic and side effect variables. We assessed internal consistency and reliability of the emerging factors, as well as demographic correlations.Results:The analysis yielded two factors:depression-hopelessnessandguilt. Factors distinctly correlated with separate variables. Removal of item #7 (early waking) improved internal consistency. Thedepression-hopelessnessfactor had an inverse correlation with negative symptoms, and positive correlation with neuroleptic side effects.Conclusions:CDSS structure indicated of two separate factors, i.e.,depression-hopelessnessandguilt, suggesting separate underlying processes. The validity of the scale might benefit from a two-fold structure and the removal/replacement of item #7 (early waking). A noteworthy inverse correlation was found between the depression factor and negative symptoms, as well as a positive correlation between depression factor and neuroleptic side effects.

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European Psychiatry

Tập 28

327-331

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