Differentiation of competence and affect self-perceptions in elementary school students: extending empirical evidence
Tóm tắt
This study aimed to address two underexplored research questions regarding support for the separation between competence and affect self-perceptions due to differential relations to outcome criteria. First, it is tested whether higher relations between affect self-perceptions and effort than between competence self-perceptions and effort can also be found for elementary school students. Second, this study examines the generalizability of such differential outcome relations to the verbal domain. Students’ competence and affect self-perceptions in math and verbal domains and self-reported effort at school were measured in a sample of 156 German 3rd-grade elementary school students. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated separate factors for competence and affect self-perceptions in both math and verbal domains. Latent regression analyses showed that affect self-perceptions were more highly related to effort than competence self-perceptions. With these findings, the present study adds further support to the commonly accepted separation between competence and affect self-perceptions by demonstrating their differential relations to effort and extending this finding to elementary school students and the verbal domain.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abu-Hilal, M. M., Abdelfattah, F. A., Alshumrani, S. A., Abduljabbar, A. S., & Marsh, H. W. (2013). Construct validity of self-concept in TIMSS’s student background questionnaire: a test of separation and conflation of cognitive and affective dimensions of self-concept among Saudi eighth graders. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 1201–1220.
Arens, A. K., Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Hasselhorn, M. (2011). The twofold multidimensionality of academic self-concept: domain specificity and separation between competence and affect components. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 970–981.
Arens, A. K., Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Hasselhorn, M. (2013). A short German version of the Self Description Questionnaire I: theoretical and empirical comparability. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 36, 415–438.
Arens, A. K., Bodkin-Andrews, G., Craven, R. G., & Yeung, A. S. (2014). Self-concept of indigenous and non-indigenous Australian students: competence and affect components and relations to achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 93–103.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
Bong, M. (2001). Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 23–34.
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park: Sage.
Brunner, M., Keller, U., Dierendonck, C., Reichert, M., Ugen, S., Fischbach, A., & Martin, R. (2010). The structure of academic self-concepts revisited: the nested Marsh/Shavelson model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 964–981.
Byrne, B. M. (1984). The general/academic self-concept nomological network: a review of construct validation research. Review of Educational Research, 54, 427–456.
Byrne, B. M. (1996). Measuring self-concept across the life span: Issues and instrumentation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Chouinard, R., Karsenti, T., & Roy, N. (2007). Relations among competence beliefs, utility value, achievement goals, and effort in mathematics. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 501–517.
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (1995). In the mind of the actor: the structure of adolescents’ achievement task values and expectancy-related beliefs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 215–225.
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., Flanagan, C. A., Miller, C., Reuman, D. A., & Yee, D. (1989). Self-concepts, domain values, and self-esteem: relations and changes at early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 57, 283–310.
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., Harold, R., & Blumenfeld, P. B. (1993). Age and gender differences in children’s self- and task perceptions during elementary school. Child Development, 64, 830–847.
Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York: Guilford.
Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Hall, N. C., & Pekrun, R. (2008). Antecedents of academic emotions: testing the internal/external frame of reference model for academic enjoyment. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 9–33.
Greene, B. A., DeBacker, T. K., Ravindran, B., & Krows, J. A. (1999). Goals, values, and beliefs as predictors of achievement and effort in high school mathematics classes. Sex Roles, 40, 421–458.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
Jackson, D. L. (2003). Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: some support for the N:q hypothesis. Structural Equation Modeling, 10, 128–141.
Jacobs, J. E., Lanza, S., Osgood, D. W., Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Changes in children’s self-competence and values: gender and domain differences across grade one through twelve. Child Development, 73, 509–527.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guildford.
Krapp, A. (1999). Interest, motivation and learning: an educational–psychological perspective. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 14, 23–40.
Leach, L. F., Henson, R. K., Odom, L. R., & Cagle, L. S. (2006). A reliability generalization study of the Self-Description Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 285–304.
Marks, H. (2000). Student engagement in instructional activity: patterns in the elementary, middle, and high schools years. American Educational Research Journal, 37, 153–184.
Marsh, H. W. (1990a). Self Description Questionnaire—I (SDQ I). Manual. Macarthur, N.S.W. Australia: University of Western Sydney.
Marsh, H. W. (1990b). Self Description Questionnaire—II (SDQ II). Manual. Macarthur, NSW. Australia: University of Western Sydney.
Marsh, H. W. (1990c). The structure of academic self-concept: the Marsh/Shavelson model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 623–636.
Marsh, H. W. (2007). Self-concept theory, measurement and research into practice: The role of self-concept in educational psychology. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
Marsh, H. W., Abduljabbar, A. S., Abu-Hilal, M., Morin, A. J. S., Abdelfattah, F., Leung, K. C., Xu, M. K., Nagengast, B., & Parker, P. (2013). Factor structure, discriminant and convergent validity of TIMSS math and science motivation measures: a comparison of USA and Saudi Arabia. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 108–128.
Marsh, H. W., & Ayotte, V. (2003). Do multiple dimensions of self-concept become more differentiated with age? The differential distinctiveness hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 687–706.
Marsh, H. W., & Craven, R. G. (1997). Academic self-concept: Beyond the dustbowl. In G. Phye (Ed.), Handbook of classroom assessment: Learning, achievement and adjustment (pp. 131–198). Orlando: Academic Press.
Marsh, H. W., & Craven, R. G. (2006). Reciprocal effects of self-concept and performance from a multidimensional perspective. Beyond seductive pleasure and unidimensional perspectives. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 133–163.
Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., & Debus, R. (1999). Separation of competency and affect components of multiple dimensions of academic self-concept: a developmental perspective. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 567–601.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu & Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320–341.
Marsh, H. W., & O’Neill, R. (1984). Self-Description Questionnaire III: the construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late adolescents. Journal of Educational Measurement, 21, 153–174.
Marsh, H. W., & Yeung, A. S. (1996). The distinctiveness of affects in specific school subjects: an application of confirmatory factor analysis with the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. American Educational Research Journal, 33, 665–689.
Marsh, H. W., & Yeung, A. S. (1998). Longitudinal structural equation models of academic self-concept and achievement: gender differences in the development of math and English constructs. American Educational Research Journal, 35, 705–738.
Meece, J. L., Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (1990). Predictors of math anxiety and its influence on young adolescents’ course enrollment intentions and performance in mathematics. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 60–70.
Möller, J., Pohlmann, B., Köller, O., & Marsh, H. W. (2009). Meta-analytic path analysis of the internal/external frame of reference model of academic achievement and academic self-concept. Review of Educational Research, 79, 1129–1167.
Möller, J., Retelsdorf, J., Köller, O., & Marsh, H. W. (2011). The reciprocal I/E model: an integration of models of relations between academic achievement and self-concept. American Educational Research Journal, 48, 1315–1346.
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
Nagengast, B., Marsh, H. W., Scalas, L. F., Xu, M., Hau, K.-T., & Trautwein, U. (2011). Who took the “x” out of expectancy-value theory? A psychological mystery, a substantive-methodological synergy, and a cross-national generalization. Psychological Science, 22, 1058–1066.
Nagy, G., Trautwein, U., Köller, O., Baumert, J., & Garrett, J. (2006). Gender and course selection in upper secondary education: effects of academic self-concept and intrinsic value. Educational Research and Evaluation, 12, 323–345.
Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18, 315–341.
Pinxten, M., Marsh, H. W., De Fraine, B., Van Den Noortgate, W., & Van Damme, J. (2014). Enjoying mathematics or feeling competent in mathematics? Reciprocal effects on mathematics achievement and perceived math effort expenditure. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 152–174.
Satorra, A. (2000). Scaled and adjusted restricted tests in multi-sample analysis of moment structures. In R. D. H. Heijmans, D. S. G. Pollock, & A. Satorra (Eds.), Innovations in multivariate statistical analysis. A Festschrift for Heinz Neudecker (pp. 233–247). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2009). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
Swann, W. B., Jr., Chang-Schneider, C., & Larsen McClarty, K. (2007). Do people’s self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62, 84–94.
Trautwein, U., Lüdtke, O., Roberts, B. W., Schnyder, I., & Niggli, A. (2009). Different forces, same consequence: conscientiousness and competence beliefs are independent predictors of academic effort and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 1115–1128.
Trautwein, U., Marsh, H. W., Nagengast, B., Lüdtke, O., Nagy, G., & Jonkmann, K. (2012). Probing for the multiplicative term in modern expectancy-value theory: a latent interaction modeling study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 763–777.
Wigfield, A. (1994). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: a developmental perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 6, 49–78.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (1994). Children’s competence beliefs, achievement values, and general self-esteem: change across elementary and middle school. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 107–138.
Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Yoon, K. S., Harold, R. D., Arbreton, A. J. A., Freedman-Doan, C., & Blumenfeld, P. C. (1997). Change in children’s competence beliefs and subjective task values across elementary school years: a 3-year study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 451–469.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 68–81.
Valentine, J. C., DuBois, D. L., & Cooper, H. (2004). The relation between self-beliefs and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review. Educational Psychologist, 39, 111–131.