Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises

Abell, A. and Oxbrow, N. (1999), “People who make knowledge management work: CKO, CKT, or KT?”, in Liebowitz, J. (Ed.), Knowledge Management Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Ahmed, P.K., Lim, K.K. and Zairi, M. (1999), “Measurement practice for knowledge management”, Journal of Workplace Learning: Employee Counselling Today, Vol. 11 No. 8, pp. 304‐11. Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (2001), “Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 107‐36. Antony, J., Leung, K., Knowles, G. and Gosh, S. (2002), “Critical success factors of TQM implementation in Hong Kong industries”, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp. 551‐66. APQC (1999), “Knowledge Management: Executive Summary”, Consortium Benchmarking Study Best‐Practice Report, American Productivity & Quality Center, available at: www.apqc.org (accessed 10 October 2003). Arora, R. (2002), “Implementing KM – a balanced score card approach”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 240‐9. Bhatt, G.D. (2000), “Organizing knowledge in the knowledge development cycle”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 15‐26. Bontis, N. (2001), “Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 41‐60. Brelade, S. and Harman, C. (2000), “Using human resources to put knowledge to work”, Knowledge Management Review, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 26‐9. Buckman, R.H. (1998), “Knowledge sharing at Buckman Labs”, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 11‐15. Chase, R.L. (1997), “The knowledge‐based organization: an international survey”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 38‐49. Chourides, P., Longbottom, D. and Murphy, W. (2003), “Excellence in knowledge management: an empirical study to identify critical factors and performance measures”, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 29‐45. Cook, P. (1999), “I heard it through the grapevine: making knowledge management work by learning to share knowledge, skills and experience”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 101‐5. Davenport, T.H. and Volpel, S.C. (2001), “The rise of knowledge towards attention management”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 212‐21. Davenport, T.H., De Long, D.W. and Beers, M.C. (1998), “Successful knowledge management projects”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 43‐57. de Gooijer, J. (2000), “Designing a knowledge management performance framework”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 303‐10. Demarest, M. (1997), “Understanding knowledge management”, Journal of Long Range Planning, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 374‐84. Despres, C. and Chauvel, D. (1999), “Knowledge management(s)”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 110‐20. DeTienne, K.B. and Jackson, L.A. (2001), “Knowledge management: understanding theory and developing strategy”, Competitiveness Review, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 1‐11. Earl, M.J. and Scott, I.A. (1999), “What is a chief knowledge officer?”, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 2, pp. 29‐38. Finn, W. and Phillips, T. (2002), “Know your assets”, Director, Vol. 55 No. 11, pp. 80‐4. Frey, R.S. (2001), “Knowledge management, proposal development, and small businesses”, The Journal of Management Development, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 38‐54. Garavan, T.N., Gunnigle, P. and Morley, M. (2000), “Contemporary HRD research: a triarchy of theoretical perspectives and their prescriptions for HRD”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 Nos. 2/3/4, pp. 65‐93. Goh, S.C. (2002), “Managing effective knowledge transfer: an integrative framework and some practice implications”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 23‐30. Grover, V. and Davenport, T.H. (2001), “General perspectives on knowledge management: fostering a research agenda”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 5‐21. Gupta, B., Iyer, L.S. and Aronson, J.E. (2000), “Knowledge management: practices and challenges”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 100 No. 1, pp. 17‐21. Hasanali, F. (2002), “Critical success factors of knowledge management”, available at: www.kmadvantage.com/docs/km_articles/Critical_Success_Factors_of_KM.pdf (accessed 20 November 2003). Hauschild, S., Licht, T. and Stein, W. (2001), “Creating a knowledge culture”, The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 1, pp. 74‐81. Herschel, R.T. and Nemati, H.R. (2000), “Chief knowledge officer: critical success factors for knowledge management”, Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 37‐45. Holsapple, C.W. and Joshi, K.D. (2000), “An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organizations”, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 9 Nos. 2/3, pp. 235‐61. Horak, B.J. (2001), “Dealing with human factors and managing change in knowledge management: a phased approach”, Topics in Health Information Management, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 8‐17. Jarrar, Y.F. (2002), “Knowledge management: learning for organisational experience”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 17 No. 6, pp. 322‐8. Jeffcoate, J., Chappell, C. and Feindt, S. (2000), “Attitudes towards process improvement among SMEs involved in e‐commerce”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 187‐95. Johannsen, C.G. (2000), “Total quality management in a knowledge management perspective”, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 56 No. 1, pp. 42‐54. Jun, M. and Cai, S. (2003), “Key obstacles to EDI success: from the US small manufacturing companies' perspective”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 103 No. 3, pp. 192‐203. Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1992), “The balanced scorecard‐measures that drive performance”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 70 No. 1, pp. 71‐9. Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003), “Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: an integrative view and empirical examination”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 179‐228. Lee, S.M. and Hong, S. (2002), “An enterprise‐wide knowledge management system infrastructure”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 1, pp. 17‐25. Lee, G.L. and Oakes, I. (1995), “The ‘pros’ and ‘cons’ of total quality management for small firms in manufacturing: aome experiences down the supply chain”, Total Quality Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 413‐26. Liebowitz, J. (1999), “Key ingredients to the success of an organization's knowledge management strategy”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 37‐40. Liebowitz, J. and Suen, C.Y. (2000), “Developing knowledge management metrics for measuring intellectual capital”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 54‐67. Lim, D. and Klobas, J. (2000), “Knowledge management in small enterprises”, The Electronic Library, Vol. 18 No. 6, pp. 420‐33. Luan, J. and Serban, A.M. (2002), “Technologies, products, and models supporting knowledge management”, New Directions for Institutional Research, No. 113, pp. 85‐104. McDermott, R. and O'Dell, C. (2001), “Overcoming cultural barriers to sharing knowledge”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 76‐85. Maier, R. and Remus, U. (2002), “Defining process‐oriented knowledge management strategies”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 103‐18. Manasco, B. (1996), “Leading firms develop knowledge strategies”, Knowledge Inc., Vol. 1 No. 6, pp. 26‐9. Marshall, C., Prusak, L. and Shpillberg, D. (1997), “Financial risk and the need for superior knowledge management”, in Prusak, L. (Ed.), Knowledge in Organizations, Butterworth‐Heinemann, Boston, MA. Martensson, M. (2000), “A critical review of knowledge management as a management tool”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 204‐16. Motwani, J.G., Jiang, J.J. and Kumar, A. (1998), “A comparative analysis of manufacturing practices of small vs large West Michigan organizations”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 98 No. 1, pp. 8‐11. Nissen, M., Kamel, M. and Sengupta, K. (2000), “Integrated analysis and design of knowledge systems and processes”, Information Resources Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 24‐43. O'Dell, C., Wiig, K. and Odem, P. (1999), “Benchmarking unveils emerging knowledge management strategies”, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 202‐11. OECD (2002), OECD Small and Medium Enterprise Outlook, Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, Paris. Okunoye, A. and Karsten, H. (2002), “Where the global needs the local: variation in enablers in the knowledge management process”, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 12‐31. Pan, S.L. and Scarbrough, H. (1998), “A socio‐technical view of knowledge‐sharing at Buckman Laboratories”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 55‐66. Ribiere, V.M. and Sitar, A.S. (2003), “Critical role of leadership in nurturing a knowledge‐supporting culture”, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 39‐48. Robertson, M. and Hammersley, G.O. (2000), “Knowledge management practices within a knowledge‐intensive firm: the significance of the people management dimension”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 Nos. 2/3/4, pp. 241‐53. Rockart, J.F. (1979), “Chief executives define their own data needs”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 57 No. 2, pp. 81‐93. Saraph, J.V., Benson, P.G. and Schroeder, R.G. (1989), “An instrument for measuring the critical factors of quality management”, Decision Sciences, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 810‐29. Sharp, D. (2003), “Knowledge management today: challenges and opportunities”, Information Systems Management, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 32‐7. Skyrme, D. and Amidon, D. (1997), “The knowledge agenda”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 27‐37. Soliman, F. and Spooner, K. (2000), “Strategies for implementing knowledge management: role of human resources management”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 337‐45. Stonehouse, G.H. and Pemberton, J.D. (1999), “Learning and knowledge management in the intelligent organisation”, Participation and Empowerment: An International Journal, Vol. 7 No. 5, pp. 131‐44. Storey, J. and Barnett, E. (2000), “Knowledge management initiatives: learning from failure”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 145‐56. Sveiby, K. (1997), The New Organization Wealth: Management and Measuring Knowledge‐Based Assets, Berrett‐Koehler, San Francisco, CA. Truch, E. (2001), “Managing personal knowledge: the key to tomorrow's employability”, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 102‐5. Trussler, S. (1998), “The rules of the game”, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 16‐19. Welsh, J.A. and White, J.F. (1981), “A small business is not a little big business”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 59 No. 4, pp. 18‐33. Wickert, A. and Herschel, R. (2001), “Knowledge‐management issues for smaller businesses”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 329‐37. Wong, K.Y. and Aspinwall, E. (2003), “Is knowledge management equivalent to information technology?”, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Knowledge Management, Oxford University, Oxford, pp. 989‐97. Wong, W.L.P. and Radcliffe, D.F. (2000), “The tacit nature of design knowledge”, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 493‐512. Yahya, S. and Goh, W.K. (2002), “Managing human resources toward achieving knowledge management”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 No. 5, pp. 457‐68. Zack, M.H. (1999), “Developing a knowledge strategy”, California Management Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 125‐45.