Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US

Story M, Holt K, Sofka D: Bright Futures in Practice: Nutrition. 2002, Arlington, VA, National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2nd Dietz William H., Stern Loraine, American Academy of Pediatrics.: American Academy of Pediatrics Guide to Your Child's Nutrition: Feeding Children of All Ages. 1999, New York, Villard Books, xiii, 234-1st Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Guidelines for school health programs to promote lifelong healthy eating. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1996, 45: 1-37. Perry CL, Story M, Lytle LA: Promoting healthy dietary behaviors. Healthy Children 2010: Enhancing Children's Wellness. Edited by: Weissberg RP, Gullotta TP, Hampton RL, Ryan BA and Adams GR. 1997, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage, 8: 214-249. Cavadini C, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM: US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996. West J Med. 2000, 173: 378-383. 10.1136/ewjm.173.6.378. Nicklas TA, Elkasabany A, Srinivasan SR, Berenson G: Trends in nutrient intake of 10-year-old children over two decades (1973-1994): the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2001, 153: 969-977. 10.1093/aje/153.10.969. Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Hannan PJ, Croll J: Overweight status and eating patterns among adolescents: where do youths stand in comparison with the healthy people 2010 objectives?. Am J Public Health. 2002, 92: 844-851. Munoz KA, Krebs-Smith SM, Ballard-Barbash R, Cleveland LE: Food intakes of US children and adolescents compared with recommendations. Pediatrics. 1997, 100: 323-329. Jahns L, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM: The increasing prevalence of snacking among US children from 1977 to 1996. J Pediatr. 2001, 138: 493-498. 10.1067/mpd.2001.112162. Gleason Phil, Suitor Carol, US Food and Nutrition Service.: Children's diets in the mid-1990s: dietary intake and its relationship with school meal participation. Special nutrition programs; report no. CN-01-CD1. 2001, Alexandria, VA, US Dept of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, 1 v. (various pagings)- Lin BH, Guthrie JF, Frazao E: American children's diets not making the grade. FoodReview. 2001, 24: 8-17. Gleason P, Suitor C: Food for thought: children's diets in the 1990s. 2001, Princeton, NJ, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. US Department of Health and Human Services: The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. 2001, Rockville, MD, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 1999, 103: 1175-1182. American Diabetes Association: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2000, 105: 671-680. Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, French S: Individual and environmental influences on adolescent eating behaviors. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002, 102: S40-51. 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90421-9. Kraak V, Pelletier DL: The influence of commercialism on the food purchasing behavior of children and teenage youth. Family Economics and Nutrition Review. 1998, 11: 15-24. Kraak V, Pelletier DL: How marketers reach young consumers: Implications for nutrition education and health promotion campaigns. Family Economics and Nutrition Review. 1998, 11: 31-41. Consumers Union Education Services: Captive Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids at School. 1995, Yonkers, NY, Consumers Union of United States Strasburger VC, Donnerstein E: Children, adolescents, and the media: issues and solutions. Pediatrics. 1999, 103: 129-139. Valkenburg PM: Media and youth consumerism. J Adolesc Health. 2000, 27: 52-56. 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00132-4. American Academy of Pediatrics: Children, adolescents, and advertising. Committee on Communications, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 1995, 95: 295-297. McNeal J: Tapping the three kids' markets. American Demographics. 1998, 20: 37-41. Strasburger VC: Children and TV advertising: nowhere to run, nowhere to hide. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001, 22: 185-187. McCall KL: What's the Big Dif'?: Differences Between Marketing and Advertising. 2003, MarketingProfs.com, 2003:http://www.marketingprofs.com/print.asp?source=%2F2%2Fmccall5%2Easp Gallo AE: Food Advertising in the United States. America's Eating Habits: Changes and Consequences. Edited by: USDA/Economic Research Service. 1999, Washington, DC, USDA, 173-180. Harris JM, Kaufman P, Martinez S, Price C: The US Food Marketing System, 2002. 2002, USDA, 2003:http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer811 McNeal J: The Kids Market: Myth and Realities. 1999, Ithaca, NY, Paramount Market Publishing Zollo P: Wise Up To Teens: Insight into Marketing and Advertising to Teenagers, 2nd edition. 1999, Ithaca, NY, New Strategist Publications, Inc. Isler L, Popper HT, Ward S: Children's purchase requests and parental responses: results from a diary study. Journal of Advertising Research. 1987, 27: 28-39. Kunkel D, Gantz W: Assessing compliance with industry self-regulation of television advertising to children. Applied Communication Research. 1993, 148: 151+- John DR: Consumer socialization of children: A retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. Journal of Consumer Research. 1999, 26: 183-213. 10.1086/209559. Roberts DF, Foehr UG, Rideont VJ, Brodie M: Kids, Media and the New Millenium. 1999, A Kaiser Family Foundation Report, Menlo Park, CA, J Kaiser Family Foundation Gentile DA, Walsh DA: A normative study of family media habits. Applied Developmental Psychology. 2002, 23: 157-178. 10.1016/S0193-3973(02)00102-8. Gamble M, Cotunga N: A quarter century of TV food advertising targeted at children. American Journal of Health Behavior. 1999, 23: 261-267. Kotz K, Story M: Food advertisements during children's Saturday morning television programming: Are they consistent with dietary recommendations?. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994, 94: 1296-1300. 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92463-5. Coon KA, Tucker KL: Television and children's consumption patterns. A review of the literature. Minerva Pediatr. 2002, 54: 423-436. Taras HL, Gage M: Advertised foods on children's television. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995, 149: 649-652. Morton H: The television advertising of food to children: a South Australian study. Journal of Food Nutrition. 1984, 41: 170-175. Dibb S, Harris L: A spoonful of sugar. Television food advertising aimed at children: an international comparative study. 1996, London, UK, Consumers International Lewis MK, Hill AJ: Food advertising on British children's television: a content analysis and experimental study with nine-year olds. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998, 22: 206-214. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800568. Chestnutt IG, Ashraf FJ: Television advertising of foodstuffs potentially detrimental to oral health -- a content analysis and comparison of children's and primetime broadcasts. Community Dental Health. 2002, 19: 86-89. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Grasso D: What is television trying to make children swallow?: content analysis of the nutrition information in prime-time advertisements. Journal of Nutrition Education. 2000, 32: 187-195. Levine J: Food industry marketing in elementary schools: implications for school health professionals. J Sch Health. 1999, 69: 290-291. Nestle M: Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. 2002, Los Angeles, University of California Press US General Accounting Office: Public education: Commercial activities in schools. Report to congressional requesters. GAO/HEHS-00-156. 2000, US General Accounting Office Wechsler H, Brener ND, Kuester S, Miller C: Food service and foods and beverages available at school: results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000. J Sch Health. 2001, 71: 313-324. French SA, Story M, Fulkerson JA: School food policies and practices: a state-wide survey of secondary school principals. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002, 102: 1785-1789. 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90382-2. Craypo L, Purcell A, Samuels SE, Agron P, Bell E, Takada E: Fast food sales on high school campuses: results from the 2000 California high school fast food survey. J Sch Health. 2002, 72: 78-82. Tevlin J: General Mills ad campaign turns sour after protest. Star Tribune. 2001, Minneapolis, MN, 1D- Brand JE, Greenberg Bq. S.: Commercials in the classroom: the impact of Channel One advertising. Journal of Advertising Research. 1994, 34: 18-27. Cover Concepts: Cover Concepts. 2003, Primedia Resource Group, 2003:http://www.coverconcepts.com Gupta PB, Gould SJ: Consumers' perceptions of the ethics and acceptability of product placement in movies: product category and individual differences. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising. 1997, 19: 37-50. Mortimer R: Box office brand bonanzas. Brand Strategy. 2002, 166: 25- Kaiser Family Foundation: Teens Online. 2002, Menlo Park, CA, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Montgomery KC: Children's media culture in the new millenium: mapping the digital landscape. The Future of Children. 2000, 10: 145-167. Montgomery D, Pasnik S: Web of Deception. 1996, Washington, DC, Center for Media Education Montgomery KC: Digital kids: the new online children's consumer culture. Handbook of Children and the Media. Edited by: Singer D G and Singer J L. 2001, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, 635-650. Tarpley T: Children, the Internet, and other new technologies. Handbook of Children and the Media. Edited by: Singer D G and Singer J L. 2001, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, 547-556. Montgomery K: TeenSites.com: A field guide to the new digital landscape. 2001, Washington, DC, Center for Media Education Reyes S: What will become of the box?. Brandweek. 2003, 44: 24-27. Schlosser Eric: Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. 2002, New York, HarperCollins Thompson SH: Disney food tie-in efforts go sour: cereal and beverage brands fail to hit targets. 2002, Advertising Age, 2003:http://www.adage.com/news.cms?newsId=35707 CARU: Sweepstakes directed to children. 2003, National Council of Better Business Bureaus, 2003:http://www.caru.org/caruwhite/sweepstakes.asp Atkin C: Observation of parent-child interaction in supermarket decision-making. Journal of Marketing. 1978, 42: 41-45. Horgan KB, Choate M, Brownell KD: Television food advertising. Handbook of Children and Media. Edited by: Singer D G and Singer J L. 2001, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, 447-461. Taras HL, Sallis JF, Patterson TL, Nader PR, Nelson JA: Television's influence on children's diet and physical activity. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1989, 10: 176-180. Borzekowski DL, Robinson TN: The 30-second effect: an experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001, 101: 42-46. 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00012-8. Gorn GJ, Goldberg ME: Behavioral evidence of the effects of televised food messages on children. Journal of Consumer Research. 1982, 9: 200-205. 10.1086/208913. Jeffrey DB, McLellarn RW, Fox DT: The development of children's eating habits: the role of television commercials. Health Educ Q. 1982, 9: 174-189. World Health Organization: Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Disease. 2003, Geneva, World Health Organization Linn S: Marketing to children harmful: experts urge candidates to lead nation in setting limits. 2000, Center for Media Education, 2003:http://www.cme.org/press/001018pr.html Sustain: The Alliance for Better Food and Farming: TV Dinners: What's being served up by the advertisers. 2001, London, 1-31. National Council of Better Business: Children's Advertising Review Unit. 2003, 2003:http://www.caru.org Campbell AJ: Self-regulation and the media. Federal Communications Law Journal. 1999, 51: 711+- Campbell AJ: Ads2Kids.com: should government regulate advertising to children on the world wide web?. Gonzaga Law Review. 1997, 33: 311+- Dietz WH, Strasburger VC: Children, adolescents, and television. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1991, 21: 8-31. Fried EJ, Nestle M: The growing political movement against soft drinks in schools. JAMA. 2002, 288: 2181-10.1001/jama.288.17.2181. Public Health Association of Australia: Television food advertising during children's viewing times. 2002, PHAA, 2003:http://www.phaa.net.au/policy/TVfoodAdvertisingF.htm Nutrition Australia: Nutrition Australia position statement: Food advertising directed at children. 2002, Nutrition Australia, 2003:http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/News_in_Nutrition/Postition_Papers/food_advertising_at_children.asp US Department of Health and Human Services: The role of advertising and promotion in the marketing of tobacco products. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of the Surgeon General. Edited by: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Office of Smoking and Health. 1994, Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 159-179. Fischer PM, Schwartz MP, Richards J. W., Jr., Goldstein AO, Rojas TH: Brand logo recognition by children aged 3 to 6 years. Mickey Mouse and Old Joe the Camel. Jama. 1991, 266: 3145-3148. 10.1001/jama.266.22.3145. DiFranza JR, Tye JB: Who profits from tobacco sales to children?. Jama. 1990, 263: 2784-2787. 10.1001/jama.263.20.2784. Perry CL: The tobacco industry and underage youth smoking: Tobacco industry documents from the Minnesota litigation. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999, 153: 935-941. Perry CL: The relationship between "share of voice" and "share of market" and implications for youth health promotion. Health Education. 1998, 29: 206-212. Holak SL, Tang YE: Advertising's effect on the product evolutionary cycle. Journal of Marketing. 1990, 54: 16-29. Biener L, Siegel M: Tobacco marketing and adolescent smoking: more support for a causal inference. Am J Public Health. 2000, 90: 407-411. Altman DG, Levine DW, Coeytaux R, Slade J, Jaffe R: Tobacco promotion and susceptibility to tobacco use among adolescents aged 12 through 17 years in a nationally representative sample. Am J Public Health. 1996, 86: 1590-1593. Pierce JP, Choi WS, Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Berry CC: Tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. Jama. 1998, 279: 511-515. 10.1001/jama.279.7.511. Nestle M: Soft drink "pouring rights": marketing empty calories to children. Public Health Rep. 2000, 115: 308-319. 10.1093/phr/115.4.308.