Hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in Akershus, Norway, 1993–2000: a population-based retrospective study
Tóm tắt
RSV is recognized as the most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide leading to hospitalisation in a great number of cases, especially in certain high-risk groups. The aims of the present study were to identify risk groups, outcome and incidences of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis in Norwegian children under two years of age and to compare the results with other studies. We performed a population-based retrospective survey for the period 1993–2000 in children under two years of age hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis. 822 admissions from 764 patients were identified, 93% had one hospitalisation, while 7% had two or more hospitalisations. Mean annual hospitalisation incidences were 21.7 per 1.000 children under one year of age, 6.8 per 1.000 children at 1–2 years of age and 14.1 per 1.000 children under two years of age. 77 children (85 admissions) belonged to one or more high-risk groups such as preterm birth, trisomy 21 and congenital heart disease. For preterm children under one year of age, at 1–2 years of age and under two years of age hospitalisation incidences per 1.000 children were 23.5, 8.7 and 16.2 respectively. The incidence for children under two years of age with trisomy 21 was 153.8 per 1.000 children. While the overall hospitalisation incidences and outcome of RSV bronchiolitis were in agreement with other studies, hospitalisation incidences for preterm children were lower than in many other studies. Age on admission for preterm children, when corrected for prematurity, was comparable to low-risk children. Length of hospitalisation and morbidity was high in both preterm children, children with a congenital heart disease and in children with trisomy 21, the last group being at particular high risk for severe disease.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Law BJ, Carbonell-Estrany X, Simoes EA: An update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: a developed country perspective. Respiratory Medicine. 2002, 96 Suppl B: S1-7.
Henderson FW, Collier AM, Clyde WAJ, Denny FW: Respiratory-syncytial-virus infections, reinfections and immunity. A prospective, longitudinal study in young children. N Engl J Med. 1979, 300: 530-534.
Constantopoulos AG, Kafetzis DA, Syrogiannopoulos GA, Roilides EJ, Malaka-Zafiriu EE, Sbyrakis SS, Marcopoulos ML: Burden of respiratory syncytial viral infections on paediatric hospitals: a two-year prospective epidemiological study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002, 21: 102-107. 10.1007/s10096-001-0668-y.
Glezen WP, Greenberg SB, Atmar RL, Piedra PA, Couch RB: Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions. Jama. 2000, 283: 499-505. 10.1001/jama.283.4.499.
Fixler DE: Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: a review. Pediatr Cardiol. 1996, 17: 163-168. 10.1007/s002469900035.
Stevens TP, Sinkin RA, Hall CB, Maniscalco WM, McConnochie KM: Respiratory syncytial virus and premature infants born at 32 weeks' gestation or earlier: hospitalization and economic implications of prophylaxis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000, 154: 55-61.
Simoes EA, Groothuis JR: Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis--the story so far. Respir Med. 2002, 96 Suppl B: S15-24.
Wren CG, Bate BJ, Masters HB, Lauer BA: Detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen in nasal washings by Abbott TestPack enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol. 1990, 28: 1395-1397.
Abels S, Nadal D, Stroehle A, Bossart W: Reliable detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children for adequate hospital infection control management. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39: 3135-3139. 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3135-3139.2001.
Randolph AG, Wang EE: Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. A systematic overview. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996, 150: 942-947.
Holter E, Abrahamsen TG, Rod G, Holten E: Discrepancy between results of a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit and immunofluorescence staining for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998, 17: 595-596. 10.1007/s100960050140.
Orstavik I, Carlsen KH, Halvorsen K: Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972--1978. I. Virological and epidemiological studies. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1980, 69: 717-722.
Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, Anderson LJ: Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. Jama. 1999, 282: 1440-1446. 10.1001/jama.282.15.1440.
Leader S, Kohlhase K: Respiratory syncytial virus-coded pediatric hospitalizations, 1997 to 1999. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002, 21: 629-632. 10.1097/00006454-200207000-00005.
Wang EE, Law BJ, Boucher FD, Stephens D, Robinson JL, Dobson S, Langley JM, McDonald J, MacDonald NE, Mitchell I: Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study of admission and management variation in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr. 1996, 129: 390-395.
Kristensen K, Dahm T, Frederiksen PS, Ibsen J, Iyore E, Jensen AM, Kjaer BB, Olofsson K, Pedersen P, Poulsen S: Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in East Denmark. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998, 17: 996-1000. 10.1097/00006454-199811000-00006.
Krilov LR: Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Update on Infection, Treatment, and Prevention. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2001, 3: 242-246.
Kimpen JL: Management of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2001, 14: 323-328.
Nielsen HE, Siersma V, Andersen S, Gahrn-Hansen B, Mordhorst CH, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Roder B, Sorensen TL, Temme R, Vestergaard BF: Respiratory syncytial virus infection--risk factors for hospital admission: a case-control study. Acta Paediatr. 2003, 92: 1314-1321. 10.1080/08035250310006304.
Bont L, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, van Aalderen WM, Brus F, Draaisma JM, Pekelharing-Berghuis M, van Diemen-Steenvoorde RA, Kimpen JL: Local interferon-gamma levels during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection are associated with disease severity. J Infect Dis. 2001, 184: 355-358. 10.1086/322035.
Hull J, Thomson A, Kwiatkowski D: Association of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the interleukin 8 gene region in UK families. Thorax. 2000, 55: 1023-1027. 10.1136/thorax.55.12.1023.
Piedimonte G: The association between respiratory syncytial virus infection and reactive airway disease. Respir Med. 2002, 96 Suppl B: S25-9.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/4/25/prepub