16-O-methylcafestol is present in ground roast Arabica coffees: Implications for authenticity testing

Aga, 2005, Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) variation in forest coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) populations from Ethiopia, Genetica, 124, 213, 10.1007/s10709-005-1484-6 Aga, 2003, Genetic diversity of forest arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, Hereditas, 138, 36, 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2003.01636.x Anthony, 2001, Genetic diversity of wild coffee (Coffea arabica L.) using molecular markers, Euphytica, 118, 53, 10.1023/A:1004013815166 Belitz, 2009 Bonnlander, 2007, Rapid and sensitive detection of robusta traces in blends of raw and roasted coffee, Lebensmittelchemie, 61, 79 Davis, 2012, The impact of climate change on indigenous Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Predicting future trends and identifying priorities, PLoS One, 7, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0047981 Davis, 2006, An annotated taxonomic conspectus of the genus Coffea (Rubiaceae), Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, 465, 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00584.x Davis, 2011, Growing coffee: Psilanthus (Rubiaceae) subsumed on the basis of molecular and morphological data; implications for the size, morphology, distribution and evolutionary history of Coffea, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 167, 357, 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01177.x de Roos, 1997, Levels of cafestol, kahweol, and related diterpenoids in wild species of the coffee plant Coffea, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, 3065, 10.1021/jf9700900 de Souza, 2012, Discrimination of commercial roasted and ground coffees according to chemical composition, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 23, 10.1590/S0103-50532012000700020 Defernez, 2017, Low-field 1H NMR spectroscopy for distinguishing between arabic and robusta ground roast coffees, Food Chemistry, 216, 106, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.028 DIN 10779. (2011). Analysis of coffee and coffee products - Determination of 16-O-methyl cafestol content of roasted coffee - HPLC-method. German Institute for Standardization (DIN). Finotello, 2017, NMR quantification of 16-O-methylcafestol and kahweol in Coffea canephora var. robusta beans from different geographical origins, Food Control, 75, 62, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.019 Food Standards Agency. (2013). Report of the investigation by the Food Standards Agency into incidents of adulteration of comminuted beef products with horse meat and DNA. International Coffee Organization. (2017a). Historical Data on the Global Coffee Trade <http://www.ico.org/new_historical.asp>. International Coffee Organization. (2017b). International Coffee Organization Annual Review 2015–2016. Interpol. (2015). Operation OPSON IV (public version) 2014. Kamm, 2002, Rapid and simultaneous analysis of 16-O-methylcafestol and sterols as markers for assessment of green coffee bean authenticity by on-line LC-GC, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 79, 1109, 10.1007/s11746-002-0612-5 Kemsley, E. K., Defernez, M., & Watson, A. D. (2017). NMR method of detecting a marker in a coffee product, patent number WO 2017/153783 A1. Kölling-Speer, 2001, Contents of diterpenes in green coffees assigned for the European market Kölling-Speer, 2001, 16-O-methylkahweol in robusta coffees Kurzrock, 2001, Diterpenes and diterpene esters in coffee, Food Reviews International, 17, 433, 10.1081/FRI-100108532 Lashermes, 1996, Genetic diversity for RAPD markers between cultivated and wild accessions of Coffea arabica, Euphytica, 87, 59, 10.1007/BF00022965 Mendonca, 2009, Physical characterization of non-defective and defective Arabica and Robusta coffees before and after roasting, Journal of Food Engineering, 92, 474, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.12.023 Monakhova, 2015, Rapid approach to identify the presence of Arabica and Robusta species in coffee using H-1 NMR spectroscopy, Food Chemistry, 182, 178, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.132 Montagnon, 1996, Multivariate analysis of phenotypic diversity of Coffea arabica, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 43, 221, 10.1007/BF00123274 Mori, 2016, Diterpenes in Coffea canephora, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 52, 52, 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.08.004 Pacetti, 2012, Authentication of Italian Espresso coffee blends through the GC peak ratio between kahweol and 16-O-methylcafestol, Food Chemistry, 135, 1569, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.007 Parker, 2014, 60 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of edible oils, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 57, 147, 10.1016/j.trac.2014.02.006 Pettitt, 1987, Identification of the diterpene esters in arabica and canephora coffees, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 35, 549, 10.1021/jf00076a027 Scharnhop, 2009, Isolation of coffee diterpenes by means of high-speed countercurrent chromatography, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22, 233, 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.10.018 Schievano, 2014, Rapid authentication of coffee blends and quantification of 16-O-methylcafestol in roasted coffee beans by nuclear magnetic resonance, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 12309, 10.1021/jf505013d Speer, 2006, The lipid fraction of the coffee bean, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18, 201, 10.1590/S1677-04202006000100014 Speer, 1989, 16-O-methylcafestol - a new diterpene in coffee - discovery and identification, Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und-Forschung, 189, 219, 10.1007/BF01028067 Tadele, 2014, Genetic diversity of coffee (Coffea arabic L.) landraces from southern Ethiopea as revealed by inter simple sequence repeat marker, Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 024 Tesfaye, 2007, Characterization of Coffea chloroplast microsatellites and evidence for the recent divergence of C-arabica and C-eugenioides chloroplast genomes, Genome, 50, 1112, 10.1139/G07-088 Tesfaye, 2014, ISSR fingerprinting of Coffea arabica throughout Ethiopia reveals high variability in wild populations and distinguishes them from landraces, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 300, 881, 10.1007/s00606-013-0927-2 Toci, 2016, Coffee adulteration: More than two decades of research, Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 46, 83, 10.1080/10408347.2014.966185