Working Memory Deficits in Poor Comprehenders Reflect Underlying Language Impairments

Baddeley, 1974, Working memory Carroll, 1971 Daneman, 1987, Reading and working memory Daneman, 1980, Individual differences in working memory and reading, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450, 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 Daneman, 1983, Individual differences in integrating information between and within sentences, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 9, 561 Daneman, 1987, Working memory and reading skill re-examined Dell, 1992, Stages of lexical access in language production, Cognition, 42, 287, 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90046-K Henry, 1991, Memory span increases with age: A test of two hypotheses, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 51, 459, 10.1016/0022-0965(91)90088-A Hitch, 1991, Working memory in children with specific arithmetical learning difficulties, British Journal of Psychology, 82, 375, 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02406.x Hulme, 1991, Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span, Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 685, 10.1016/0749-596X(91)90032-F Hulme, 1997, Word-frequency effects on short-term memory tasks: Evidence for a redintegration process in immediate serial recall, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 23, 1217 Hulme, 1984, Speech rate and the development of short-term memory, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 241, 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90124-3 Knott, 1997, Lexical and semantic binding effects in short-term memory: Evidence from semantic dementia, Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 1165, 10.1080/026432997381303 Martin, 1996, Recovery in deep dysphasia: Evidence for a relationship between auditory–verbal STM capacity and lexical errors in repetition, Brain and Language, 52, 83, 10.1006/brln.1996.0005 Martin, 1996, Associations and dissociations between language impairment and list recall: Implications for models of short-term memory Naglieri, 1985 Nation, 1997, Assessing reading difficulties: The validity and utility of current measures of reading skill, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 359, 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1997.tb01250.x Nation, 1998, Individual differences in contextual facilitation: Evidence from dyslexia and poor reading comprehension, Child Development, 69, 996, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06157.x Nation, 1998, Semantic processing and the development of word recognition skills: Evidence from children with reading comprehension difficulties, Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 85, 10.1006/jmla.1998.2564 Nation, 1999, Developmental differences in sensitivity to semantic relations among good and poor comprehenders: Evidence from semantic priming, Cognition, 70, B1, 10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00004-9 Nation, K. Snowling, M. J. 1999b, Factors influencing syntactic awareness in normal readers and poor comprehenders Neale, 1989 Oakhill, 1982, Constructive processes in skilled and less-skilled comprehenders' memory for sentences, British Journal of Psychology, 73, 13, 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1982.tb01785.x Oakhill, 1983, Instantiation and memory skills in children's comprehension of stories, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35A, 441, 10.1080/14640748308402481 Oakhill, 1984, Inferential and memory skills in children's comprehension of stories, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 31, 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1984.tb00842.x Oakhill, 1986, On the nature of differences between skilled and less-skilled comprehenders, Journal of Research in Reading, 9, 80, 10.1111/j.1467-9817.1986.tb00115.x Plaut, 1993, Deep dyslexia: A case study of connectionist neuropsychology, Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10, 377, 10.1080/02643299308253469 Poirier, 1995, Memory for related and unrelated words: Further evidence on the influence of semantic factors in immediate serial recall, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 384, 10.1080/14640749508401396 Rack, 1992, The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review, Reading Research Quarterly, 27, 29, 10.2307/747832 Roodenrys, 1993, The development of short-term memory: Separable effects of speech rate and long-term memory, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56, 431, 10.1006/jecp.1993.1043 Russell, 1996, Working memory in children with autism and with moderate learning difficulty, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 673, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01459.x Snowling, M. J. Nation, K. Muter, V. The role of semantic and phonological skills in learning to read: Implications for assessment and teaching, T. Nunes, Learning to read: An integrated view from research and practice, Dordecht, Kluwer Snowling, 1996 Stothard, 1992, Reading comprehension difficulties in children: The role of language comprehension and working memory skills, Reading and Writing, 4, 245, 10.1007/BF01027150 Stothard, 1995, A comparison of phonological skills in children with reading comprehension difficulties and children with decoding difficulties, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 399, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01298.x Walker, I. Hulme, C. Concrete words are easier to recall than abstract words: Evidence for a semantic contribution to short-term recall, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition Yuill, 1991 Yuill, 1989, Working memory, comprehension ability and the resolution of text anomaly, British Journal of Psychology, 80, 351, 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1989.tb02325.x