Dissociated cell cultures from fetal mouse hypothalamus patterns of organization and ultrastructural features
Tóm tắt
Dissociated fetal hypothalamic cells mainly taken from 14 day-old mouse fetuses were grown in vitro for increasing time (9 to 60 days). Soon after inoculation the cells partly reaggregated and attached. The small reaggregates were then interconnected by fibers bundles. After the first week the cultures were composed of a continuous basal monolayer of flat and transparent cells, over which various types of refractile cells were lying in discontinuous areas. The ultra-structural study enabled us to identify these cell types, to describe their spatial relationships, and to follow their evolution with time in culture. The basal cell formed several superimposed layers. With increasing age, they displayed typical features of astrocytes and of ependymal cells. The latter exhibited rhythmic ciliary movements in culture. The overlying cells corresponded to three types which were associated in small clumps: primitive neuro-epithelial cells, maturing as well as mature neurons and typical neurosecretory cells. The latter cells were found as early as 9 days of culture of 14 day-old fetal hypothalamic cells and retained their typical features up to two months. Neuronal processes formed very dense networks at the surface of the cultures and terminated within the basal layers. Axon and dendrites were precociously found and were still present after two months. Within axon terminals dense-core vesicles appeared at the same time as neurosecretory cells. Synaptic vesicles and synaptic junctions were found later on.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bisconte, J.C.: Histogénèse du système nerveux central chez le Rat. Thèse de Sciences, Académie de Montpellier, France 1973
Borghese, E.: Mammalian hypothalamic nuclei cultivated in vitro. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 12, 215–228 (1954)
Bornstein, M.B., Model, P.G.: Development of synapses and myelin in cultures of dissociated embryonic mouse spinal cord, medulla and cerebrum. Brain Res. 37, 287–293 (1972)
Brinkley, B.R., Murphy, P., Richardson, L.C.: Procedure for embedding in situ selected cells cultured in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 35, 279–283 (1967)
Clementi, F., Cecarelli, B.: Fine structure of rat hypothalamic nuclei. In: L. Martini, M. Motta and F. Fraschini (Eds.), The hypothalamus, p. 17–44. Academic Press New York: 1970
Cohen, A., Nicol, E., Richter, W.: Nerve growth factor requirement for development of dissociated embryonic sensory and sympathetic ganglia in culture. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 116, 784–789 (1964)
Daikoku, S., Kotsu, T., Hashimoto, M.: Electron microscopic observations on the development of the median eminence in perinatal rats. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 134, 311–327 (1971)
Eurenius, L., Jarskar, R.: Electron microscopy of neurosecretory nerve fibers in the neural lobe of the embryonic mouse. Cell Tiss. Res. 149, 333–347 (1974)
Gilman, A.G., Schrier, B.K.: Adenosine cyclic 3′-5′-monophosphate in fetal rat brain cell cultures. I. Effect of catecholamines. Molec. Pharmacol. 8, 410–416 (1972)
Hild, W.: Das morphologische, kinetische und endokrinologische Verhalten von hypothalamischem und neurohypophysärem Gewebe in vitro. Z. Zellforsch. 40, 257–312 (1954)
Hyyppa, M.: Differentiation of the hypothalamic nuclei during ontogenic development in the rat. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 129, 41–52 (1969)
Ifft, J.D.: An autoradiographic study of the time of final division of neurons in rat hypothalamic nuclei. J. comp. Neurol. 144, 193–204 (1972)
Knowles, F.: Ependyma of the third ventricle in relation to pituitary function. In: J.A. Kappers and J.P. Schade (Eds.), Progress in Brain Res., Vol. 38, Topics in neuroendocrinology, p. 255–270. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1972
Kobayashi, H., Matsui, T.: Fine structure of the median eminence and its functional significance. In: W.F. Ganong and L. Martini (Eds.), Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, p. 3–46. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1969
Lasher, R.S., Zagon, I.S.: The effect of potassium on neuronal differentiation in cultures of dissociated newborn rat cerebellum. Brain Res. 41, 482–488 (1972)
Masurovsky, E., Benitez, H., Murray, M.: Synaptic development in long term organized cultures of murine hypothalamus. J. comp. Neurol. 143, 263–278 (1971)
McKelvy, J.F.: Biochemical neuroendocrinology. I. Biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) by organ cultures of mammalian hypothalamus. Brain Res. 65, 489–502 (1974)
Niimi, K., Harada, I., Kusaka, Y., Kishi, S.: The ontogenetic development of the diencephalon of the mouse. Tokushima J. exp. Med. 8, 203–238 (1962)
Nosal, G., Radouco-Thomas, C.: Ultrastructural study on the differentiation and development of the nerve cell; the “nucleus-ribosome” system. In: F. Clementi and B. Ceccarelli (Eds.), Advances in cytopharmacology, Vol. 1, p. 433–456. New York: Raven Press 1971
Peters, A., Palay, S., De F. Webster, H.: The fine structure of the nervous system. New York: Harper and Row 1970
Picart, R., Tixier-Vidal, A.: Description d'une méthode permettant la sélection et l'étude ultrastructurale de plages cellulaires dans des monocouches hétérogènes cultivées en flacons de plastique. J. Microscopie 20, 80 (1974)
Privat, A., Drian, M.J., Mandon, P.: The outgrowth of rat cerebellum in organized culture. Z. Zellforsch. 146, 45–67 (1973)
Sachs, H., Goodman, R., Osinchak, J., McKelvy, J.: Supraoptic neurosecretory neurons of the guinea pig in organ culture. Biosynthesis of vasopressin and neurophysin. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2782–2786 (1971)
Scott, B., Engelbert, V., Fisher, K.: Morphological and electro-physiological characteristics of dissociated chick embryonic spinal ganglion cells in culture. Exp. Neurol. 23, 230–248 (1969)
Seeds, N.W.: Biochemical differentiation in reaggregating brain cell culture. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 1858–1860 (1971)
Sensenbrenner, M., Lodin, Z., Treska, J., Jacob, M., Kage, M., Mandel, P.: The cultivation of isolated neurons from spinal ganglia of chick embryo. Z. Zellforsch. 98, 538–549 (1969)
Sensenbrenner, M., Mandel, P.: Behaviour of neuroblasts in the presence of glial cells, fibroblasts and meningeal cells in culture. Exp. Cell Res. 87, 159–167 (1974)
Shein, H.M.: Propagation of human fetal spongioblasts and astrocytes in dispersed cell cultures. Exp. Cell Res. 40, 554–569 (1965)
Shein, H.M.: Neoplastic transformation of hamster astrocytes in vitro by simian virus 40 and polyoma virus. Science 159, 1476–1477 (1968)
Sobkowicz, H., Bleier, R., Monzain, R.: Cell survival and architectonic differentiation of the hypothalamic mamillary region of the newborn mouse in culture. J. comp. Neurol. 155, 355–376 (1974)
Tixier-Vidal, A., Benda, Ph., De Vitry, F., Picart, R.: Ultrastructure de cellules hypothalamiques foetales dissociées et maintenues en culture. Communic. 5e Colloque de Neuroendocrinologie, Marseille, 13–14, Septembre 1973
Varon, S.: In vitro study of developing neural tissue and cells: Past and prospective contributions. In: “The Neurosciences”, F.O. Schmitt, Ed. p. 83–99. New York: The Rockefeller University Press 1970
Varon, A., Raiborn, C.: Dissociation, fractionation and culture of embryonic brain cells. Brain Res. 12, 180–199 (1969)
Vitry, F. de, Camier, M., Czernichow, P., Benda, A., Cohen, P., Tixier-Vidal, A.: Establishment of a clone of mouse hypothalamic neurosecretory cells synthetizing neurophysin and vasopressin. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 71, 3575–3579 (1974)
Wilkinson, M., Gibson, C.J., Bressler, P.H., Inman, D.R.: Hypothalamic neurons in dissociated cell culture. Brain Res. 82, 129–138 (1974)
Yavin, E., Menkes, J.H.: The culture of dissociated cells from rat cerebral cortex. J. Cell Biol. 57, 232–237 (1973)