Oceanic Anoxia and the End Permian Mass Extinction

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 272 Số 5265 - Trang 1155-1158 - 1996
Paul B. Wignall1, Richard J. Twitchett1
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Tóm tắt

Data on rocks from Spitsbergen and the equatorial sections of Italy and Slovenia indicate that the world's oceans became anoxic at both low and high paleolatitudes in the Late Permian. Such conditions may have been responsible for the mass extinction at this time. This event affected a wide range of shelf depths and extended into shallow water well above the storm wave base.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

ADAMS JAS, AAPG BULL 42, 387 (1958).

BALME B.E., U KANS DEP GEOL SPEC 4, 305 (1970).

BOTTJER D.J., GEOL SOC AM ABSTR 20, A106 (1988).

BRANDNER R, BER GEOL BUND WIEN 15, 3 (1988).

DING M, PERMOTRIASSIC EVENTS: 109 (1992).

DOBRUSKINA I.A., PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF EURASIA DURING THE EARLY TRIASSIC, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY 58, 75 (1987).

DROSER M.L., A SEMIQUANTITATIVE FIELD CLASSIFICATION OF ICHNOFABRIC, JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY 56, 558 (1986).

ERWIN D.H., GREAT PALEOZOIC CRIS (1993).

GRUSZCZYNSKI M, A BRACHIOPOD CALCITE RECORD OF THE OCEANIC CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE SHIFTS AT THE PERMIAN TRIASSIC TRANSITION, NATURE 337, 64 (1989).

HALLAM A, CAN SOC PETROL GEOL 17, 797 (1994).

HALLAM A, HIST BIOL 5, 257 (1991).

HE J, HIST BIOL 2, 73 (1989).

HOCHACHKA P.W., BIOCH ADAPTATION (1984).

HOLSER W.T., ABH GEOL BUNDESANST 45, 213 (1991).

INGALL E.D., GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC 56, 3323 (1993).

ISHIBASHI T, MEM FS KYUSHU U D 26, 215 (1989).

ISOZAKI Y, CANADIAN SOC PETROLE 17, 805 (1994).

JIN Y.G., PALAEOWORLD 4, 138 (1994).

KOZUR H, ZENTRALBL GEOL PAL 1 11, 1245 (1989).

LORIGA C.B., MEM SOC GEOL ITAL 34, 5 (1988).

MAGARITZ M, PARALLEL TRENDS IN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CARBON ISOTOPES ACROSS THE PERMIAN TRIASSIC BOUNDARY, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 292, 727 (1992).

MEYEN S.V., CAN SOC PET GEOL MEM 2, 662 (1973).

MYERS K.J., MARINE CLASTIC ENV N (1987).

NAKAZAWA K, DISCOVERY OF OTOCERAS-BOREALE SPATH FROM WEST SPITSBERGEN, PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 63, 171 (1987).

NOE S.U., FACIES 16, 89 (1987).

NOE S.U., JB GEOL BUNDESANST W 137, 297 (1994).

PAULL R.K., HINDEODUS-PARVUS - PROPOSED INDEX FOSSIL FOR THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY, LETHAIA 27, 271 (1994).

10.1126/science.269.5229.1413

RETALLACK G IN PRESS INT GEOL C .

10.1126/science.267.5194.77

10.1126/science.266.5189.1340

TWITCHETT R.J. IN PRESS PALAEOGEOGR .

VANCAPPELLEN P, BENTHIC PHOSPHORUS REGENERATION, NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION, AND OCEAN ANOXIA - A MODEL OF THE COUPLED MARINE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY 9, 677 (1994).

VEEVERS J.J., GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP 288, 187 (1994).

WANG K, PERMIAN-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION - ORGANIC DELTA-C-13 EVIDENCE FROM BRITISH-COLUMBIA, CANADA, GEOLOGY 22, 580 (1994).

WIGNALL P.B., HIST BIOL 10, 175 (1995).

WIGNALL P.B. IN PRESS HIST BIOL .

WIGNALL P.B. IN PRESS PALAIOS .

WIGNALL P.B., ANOXIA AS A CAUSE OF THE PERMIAN TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION - FACIES EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN ITALY AND THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY 93, 21 (1992).

WIGNALL P.B., GRIESBACHIAN (EARLIEST TRIASSIC) PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN AND SOUTHEAST CHINA AND THEIR BEARING ON THE PERMO-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY 102, 215 (1993).

YANG Z, PERMOTRIASSIC EVENTS: 9 (1992).

YIN H, MEM SOC GEOL ITAL 34, 329 (1988).

ZELT F.B., SOC EC PAL MIN FIELD 4, 49 (1985).