Depletion, Degradation, and Recovery Potential of Estuaries and Coastal Seas

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 312 Số 5781 - Trang 1806-1809 - 2006
Heike K. Lotze1,2,3,4,5, Hunter S. Lenihan1,2,3,4,5, Bruce J. Bourque1,2,3,4,5, Roger Bradbury1,2,3,4,5, Richard G. Cooke1,2,3,4,5, Matthew C. Kay1,2,3,4,5, Susan M. Kidwell1,2,3,4,5, Michael X. Kirby1,2,3,4,5, Charles H. Peterson1,2,3,4,5, Jeremy B. C. Jackson1,2,3,4,5
1Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1.
2Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Bren Hall 3428, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106–5131, USA.
3Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002–0948, Republic of Panama.
4Department of Anthropology, 155 Pettengill Hall, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA.
5Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Program, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia

Tóm tắt

Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted >90% of formerly important species, destroyed >65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.

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We thank all colleagues for sharing data and insight and B. Worm and R. A. Myers for critical discussions. This work was initiated as part of the Long-Term Ecological Records of Marine Environments Populations and Communities Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (funded by NSF grant DEB-0072909 the University of California and the University of California Santa Barbara). Additional funding was granted to H.K.L. by the Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research the Sloan Foundation (Census of Marine Life History of Marine Animal Populations Program) and the Lenfest Ocean Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Tập 312 Số 5781

1806-1809

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