Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 339 Số 6122 - Trang 943-946 - 2013
Markku Kulmala1, Jenni Kontkanen1, Heikki Junninen1, Katrianne Lehtipalo1, Hanna E. Manninen1, Tuomo Nieminen1,2, Tuukka Petäjä1, Mikko Sipilä1, Siegfried Schobesberger1, Pekka Rantala1, Alessandro Franchin1, Tuija Jokinen1, Emma Järvinen1, Mikko Äijälä1, Juha Kangasluoma1, Jani Hakala1, Pasi Aalto1, Pauli Paasonen1, Jyri Mikkilä3, Joonas Vanhanen3, Juho Aalto4, Hannele Hakola5, Ulla Makkonen5, T. M. Ruuskanen1, Roy L. Mauldin1,6, Jonathan Duplissy1, Hanna Vehkamäki1, Jaana Bäck7, A. Kortelainen8, Ilona Riipinen9, Theo Kurtén10,1, Murray V. Johnston11, James N. Smith12,8, Mikael Ehn1,13, Thomas F. Mentel13, K. E. J. Lehtinen5,8, Ari Laaksonen5,8, Veli‐Matti Kerminen1, Douglas R. Worsnop14,1,5,8
1Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
2Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
3Airmodus Oy, Helsinki, Finland.
4SMEAR Station II, Hyytiälä, Finland.
5Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland
6University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
7Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
8University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
9University of Stockholm, Stockholm, #N#Sweden.
10Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
11University of Delaware Newark, DE USA
12National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
13Forschungszentrum Juelich, IEK-8, 52425 Juelich, Germany.
14Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA, USA.

Tóm tắt

Aerosol Formation Most atmospheric aerosol particles result from a growth process that begins with atmospheric molecules and clusters, progressing to larger and larger sizes as they acquire other molecules, clusters, and particles. The initial steps of this process involve very small entities—with diameters of less than 2 nanometers—which have been difficult to observe. Kulmala et al. (p. 943 ; see the Perspective by Andreae ) developed a sensitive observational protocol that allows these tiny seeds to be detected and counted, and they mapped out the process of aerosol formation in detail.

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Thông tin xuất bản

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Tập 339 Số 6122

943-946

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