Prevalence of a calcium‐based alkaline phosphatase associated with the marine cyanobacterium <i>Prochlorococcus</i> and other ocean bacteria

Wiley - Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 74-83 - 2011
S. P. Kathuria1, Adam C. Martiny1,2
1Departments of Earth System Science
2Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

Tóm tắt

SummaryPhosphate plays a key role in regulating primary productivity in several regions of the world's oceans and here dissolved organic phosphate can be an important phosphate source. A key enzyme for utilizing dissolved organic phosphate is alkaline phosphatase and the phoA‐type of this enzyme has a zinc cofactor. As the dissolved zinc concentration is low in phosphate depleted environments, this has led to the hypothesis that some phytoplankton may be zinc‐P co‐limited. Recently, it was shown that many marine bacteria contain an alternative form of alkaline phosphatase called phoX, but it is unclear which marine lineages carry this enzyme. Here, we describe the occurrence in low phosphate environments of phoX that is associated with uncultured Prochlorococcus and SAR11 cells. Through heterologous expression, we demonstrate that phoX encodes an active phosphatase with a calcium cofactor. The enzyme also functions with magnesium and copper, whereas cobalt, manganese, nickel and zinc inhibit enzyme activity to various degrees. We also find that uncultured SAR11 cells and cyanophages contain a different alkaline phosphatase related to a variant present in several Prochlorococcus isolates. Overall, the results suggest that many bacterial lineages including Prochlorococcus and SAR11 may not be subject to zinc‐P co‐limitation.

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Wiley

Tập 13 Số 1

74-83

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