Ergonomics and human factors in endoscopic surgery: a comparison of manual vs telerobotic simulation systems

E. C. Lee1,2, Azhar Rafiq3, Ronald C. Merrell3, Ruthie Ackerman1, Jack T. Dennerlein1
1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
2Air Force Institute of Technology, US Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, USA
3Department of Surgery, Medical Informatics and Technology Applications Consortium (MITAC), NASA Research Partnership, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA

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