Yogurt and gut function

Guarner, 1998, Probiotics, Int J Food Microbiol, 39, 237, 10.1016/S0168-1605(97)00136-0 Bourlioux, 1988, Nutritional and health properties of yogurt, World Rev Nutr Diet, 56, 217, 10.1159/000416229 Chandan, 1993, Yogurt, 1 Metchnikoff, 1901, Sur la flore du corps humain. (On the flora of the human body.), Manch Lit Philos Soc, 45, 1 Perdigon, 1995, Immune system stimulation by probiotics, J Dairy Sci, 78, 1597, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76784-4 Buttriss, 1997, Nutritional properties of fermented milk products, Int J Dairy Tech, 50, 21, 10.1111/j.1471-0307.1997.tb01731.x Reddy, 1976, B-complex vitamins in cultured and acidified yogurt, J Dairy Sci, 59, 191, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84182-3 Shahani, 1979, Nutritional and healthful aspects of cultured and culture-containing dairy foods, J Dairy Sci, 62, 1685, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83481-5 Kneifel, 1991, Vitamin profiles of kefirs made from milks of different species, Int J Food Sci Technol, 26, 423, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb01985.x Kneifel, 1992, Screening of commercially available mesophilic dairy starter cultures: biochemical, sensory and morphological properties, J Dairy Sci, 75, 3158, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78080-1 Crittenden, 2003, Synthesis and utilisation of folate by yoghurt starter cultures and probiotic bacteria, Int J Food Microbiol, 80, 217, 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00170-8 Wigertz, 1996, Folate and folate binding protein content in dairy products, J Dairy Res, 64, 239, 10.1017/S002202999700215X Rosado, 1992, Lactose digestion from unmodified, low-fat and lactose-hydrolyzed yogurt in adult lactose maldigesters, Eur J Clin Nutr, 46, 61 Vesa, 2000, Lactose intolerance, J Am Coll Nutr, 19, 165S, 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718086 Kolars, 1984, Yogurt—an autodigesting source of lactose, N Engl J Med, 310, 1, 10.1056/NEJM198401053100101 Goodenough, 1976, Influence of viable yogurt microflora on digestion of lactose by the rat, J Dairy Sci, 59, 601, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84247-6 Rasic, 1978, Yoghurt: scientific grounds, technology, manufacture and preparations, 1 Loones, 1989, Transformation of milk components during yogurt fermentation, 95 Beshkova, 1998, Production of amino acids by yogurt bacteria, Biotechnol Prog, 14, 963, 10.1021/bp980082j Hewitt, 1985, Nutritional value of yogurt, J Dairy Res, 52, 197, 10.1017/S002202990002402X 1994, Meeting dietary nutrient requirements with cow's milk and milk products. Gaudichon, 1994, Gastric emptying regulates the kinetics of nitrogen absorption from 15N-labeled milk and 15N-labeled yogurt in miniature pigs, J Nutr, 124, 1970, 10.1093/jn/124.10.1970 Gaudichon, 1995, Exogenous and endogenous nitrogen flow rates and level of protein hydrolysis in the human jejunum after [15N] milk and [15N] yogurt ingestion, Br J Nutr, 74, 251, 10.1079/BJN19950128 Shantha, 1995, Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in dairy products as affected by processing and storage, J Food Sci, 60, 695, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06208.x Aneja, 1990, Conjugated linoleic acid contents of Indian curd and ghee, Indian J Dairy Sci, 43, 231 Jiang, 1999, Relation between the intake of milk fat and the occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in human adipose tissue, Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 21, 10.1093/ajcn/70.1.21 Park, 1999, High-fat dairy product consumption increases 9c; 11t-18:2 (rumenic acid) and total lipid concentrations of human milk, Lipids, 34, 543, 10.1007/s11745-999-0396-2 Boccignone, 1984, Studi effettuati sulla compo-sizione in trigliceridi ed acidi grassi liberi nello yogurt preparato dalatte vaccino, pecorinoe, caprino. (Studies on triglyceride and free fatty acid composition of yogurt prepared from cow, goat, and sheep milk.), Ann Fac Med Vet (Torino), 28, 223 Whigham, 2000, Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health, Pharmacol Res, 42, 503, 10.1006/phrs.2000.0735 Kemp, 2003, Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits cell proliferation through a p53-dependent mechanism: effects on the expression of G1-restriction points in breast and colon cancer cells, J Nutr, 133, 3670, 10.1093/jn/133.11.3670 Block, 1993, Vitamin and mineral status of women of childbearing potential, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 678, 244, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26126.x Ervin, 2002, Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, J Nutr, 132, 3422, 10.1093/jn/132.11.3422 Allen, 1982, Calcium bioavailability and absorption: a review, Am J Clin Nutr, 35, 783, 10.1093/ajcn/35.4.783 Kaup, 1987, Bioavailability of calcium in yogurt, Milchwissenschaft, 42, 513 Schaafsma, 1988, Nutritional aspects of yogurt. 2. Bioavailability of essential minerals and trace elements, Neth Milk Dairy J, 42, 135 Bronner, 1999, Nutritional aspects of calcium absorption, J Nutr, 129, 9, 10.1093/jn/129.1.9 Norman, 1990, Intestinal calcium absorption: a vitamin D-hormone-mediated adaptive response, Am J Clin Nutr, 51, 290, 10.1093/ajcn/51.2.290 Pointillart, 1986, Calcium and phosphorus utilization and bone mineralization in yogurt-fed pigs, Sci Alim, 6, 15 Bernet, 1994, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria, Gut, 35, 483, 10.1136/gut.35.4.483 Alm, 1980, Survival rate of lactobacilli during digestion: an in vitro study Am J Clin Nutr, Survival rate of lactobacilli during digestion: an in vitro study Am J Clin Nutr, 33, S 2543 Robins-Browne, 1981, The fate of ingested lactobacilli in the proximal small intestine, Am J Clin Nutr, 34, 514, 10.1093/ajcn/34.4.514 Conway, 1987, Survival of lactic acid bacteria in the human stomach and adhesion to intestinal cells, J Dairy Sci, 70, 1, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)79974-3 Pedrosa, 1995, Survival of yogurt-containing organisms and Lactobacillus gasseri (ADH) and their effect on bacterial enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy and hypochlorhydric elderly subjects, Am J Clin Nutr, 61, 353, 10.1093/ajcn/61.2.353 Clark, 1994, Selection of bifidobacteria for use as dietary adjuvants in cultured dairy foods: III. Tolerance to stimulated bile concentrations of human small intestines, Cult Dairy Prod J, 29, 18 Duez, 2000, A colony immunoblotting method for quantitative detection of a Bifidobacterium animalis probiotic strain in human faeces, J Appl Microbiol, 88, 1019, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01073.x Guerin-Danan, 1998, Milk fermented with yogurt cultures and Lactobacillus casei compared with yogurt and gelled milk: influence on intestinal microflora in healthy infants, Am J Clin Nutr, 67, 111, 10.1093/ajcn/67.1.111 Bouhnik, 1992, Fecal recovery in humans of viable Bifidobacterium sp ingested in fermented milk, Gastroenterology, 102, 875, 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90172-U Plant, 2001, Association of Lactobacillus spp. with Peyer's patches in mice, Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 8, 320, 10.1128/CDLI.8.2.320-324.2001 Bernet, 1993, Adhesion of human bifidobacterial strains to cultured human intestinal epithelial cells and inhibition of enteropathogen-cell interactions, Appl Env Microbiol, 59, 4121, 10.1128/aem.59.12.4121-4128.1993 Lerebours, 1989, Yogurt and fermented-then-pasteurized milk: effects of short-term and long-term ingestion on lactose absorption and mucosal lactase activity in lactase-deficient subjects, Am J Clin Nutr, 49, 823, 10.1093/ajcn/49.5.823 Kankaanpää, 2001, The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on probiotic growth and adhesion, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 194, 149, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09460.x Kankaanpää, 2004, Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in growth medium on lipid composition and on physicochemical surface properties of Lactobacilli, Appl Env Microbiol, 70, 129, 10.1128/AEM.70.1.129-136.2004 Aguirre, 1993, Lactic acid bacteria and human clinical infection, J Appl Bacteriol, 75, 95, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02753.x Brandtzaeg, 1999, Regional specialization in the mucosal immune system: what happens in the microcompartments?, Immunol Today, 20, 141, 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01413-3 Macpherson, 2000, A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria, Science, 288, 2222, 10.1126/science.288.5474.2222 Puri, 1996, Splenic and intestinal lymphocyte proliferation response in mice fed milk or yogurt and challenged with Salmonella typhimurium, Int J Food Sci Nutr, 47, 391, 10.3109/09637489609006952 Link-Amster, 1994, Modulation of a specific humoral immune response and changes in intestinal flora mediated through fermented milk intakes, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 10, 55, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00011.x Perdigon, 1988, Systemic augmentation of the immune response in mice by feeding fermented milks with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Immunology, 63, 17 Mosmann, 1986, Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins, J Immunol, 136, 2348, 10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2348 Miettinen, 1996, Production of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 is induced by lactic acid bacteria, Infect Immun, 64, 5403, 10.1128/iai.64.12.5403-5405.1996 Solis-Pereyra, 1997, Role of food in the stimulation of cytokine production, Am J Clin Nutr, 66, 521S, 10.1093/ajcn/66.2.521S Halpern, 1991, Influence of long-term yogurt consumption in young adults, Int J Immunother, 7, 205 Borruel, 2002, Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha production in Crohn's disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria, Gut, 51, 659, 10.1136/gut.51.5.659 De Simone, 1986, The adjuvant effect of yogurt on production of gamma-interferon by Con A stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes, Nutr Rep Int, 33, 419 Beharka, 2001, Effect of age on the gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response of humans, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56, B218, 10.1093/gerona/56.5.B218 Podolsky, 2002, Inflammatory bowel disease, N Engl J Med, 347, 417, 10.1056/NEJMra020831 Ajuebor, 2002, Role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, Immunology, 105, 137, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01309.x Wallace, 2003, Interactions of lactic acid bacteria with human intestinal epithelial cells: effects on cytokine production, Food Prot, 66, 466, 10.4315/0362-028X-66.3.466 Strandhagen, 1994, Fermented milk (ropy milk) replacing regular milk reduces glycemic responce and gastric emptying in healthy subjects, Scand J Nutr, 38, 117 Nakamura, 2001, Effects of yogurt supplemented with brewer's yeast cell wall on constipation and intestinal microflora in rats, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 47, 367, 10.3177/jnsv.47.367 Meance, 2001, A fermented milk with a Bifidobacterium probiotic strain DN-173 010 shortened oro-fecal gut transit time in elderly, Microb Ecol Health Dis, 13, 217 Marteau, 2002, Bifidobacterium animalis strain DN-173 010 shortens the colonic transit time in healthy women: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 16, 587, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01188.x Rorick, 1979, Comparative tolerance of elderly from differing ethnic backgrounds to lactose-containing and lactose-free dairy drinks: a double-blind study, J Gerontol, 34, 191, 10.1093/geronj/34.2.191 Sahi, 1994, Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia, Scand J Gastroenterol, 202, 7, 10.3109/00365529409091740 Savaiano, 1984, Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals, Am J Clin Nutr, 40, 1219, 10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1219 Pochart, 1989, Viable starter culture, β-galactosidase activity, and lactose in duodenum after yogurt ingestion in lactase-deficient humans, Am J Clin Nutr, 49, 828, 10.1093/ajcn/49.5.828 Hickey, 1986, Transport and metabolism of lactose, glucose, and galactose in homofermentative lactobacilli, Appl Environ Microbiol, 51, 825, 10.1128/aem.51.4.825-831.1986 Foucaud, 1992, Lactose transport system of Streptococcus thermophilus, J Biol Chem, 267, 22087, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41639-0 Thoreux, 1998, Diet supplemented with yoghurt or milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 stimulates growth and brush-border enzyme activities in mouse small intestine, Digestion, 59, 349, 10.1159/000007514 Martini, 1987, Lactose digestion by yogurt β-galactosidase: influence of pH and microbial cell integrity, Am J Clin Nutr, 45, 432, 10.1093/ajcn/45.2.432 Glass, 1991, Estimates of morbidity and mortality rates for diarrheal diseases in American children, J Pediatr, 118, S27, 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81422-2 Van Neil, 2002, Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics, 109, 678, 10.1542/peds.109.4.678 Saavedra, 1994, Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in a hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus, Lancet, 344, 1046, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91708-6 Gorbach, 1987, Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG, Lancet, 2, 1519, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92646-8 Biller, 1995, Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 21, 224, 10.1097/00005176-199508000-00016 Shornikova, 1997, A trial in the Karelian Republic of oral rehydration and Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute diarrhoea, Acta Paediatr, 86, 460, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08913.x Clements, 1983, Exogenous lactobacilli fed to man—their fate and ability to prevent diarrheal disease, Prog Food Nutr Sci, 7, 29 Bartlett, 1992, Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clin Infect Dis, 15, 573, 10.1093/clind/15.4.573 Van der Waaij, 1989, The ecology of the human intestine and its consequences for overgrowth by pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Annu Rev Microbiol, 43, 69, 10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.000441 D'Souza, 2002, Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis, BMJ, 324, 1, 10.1136/bmj.324.7350.1361 Gotz, 1979, Prophylaxis against ampicillin associated diarrhoea with Lactobacillus preparation, Am J Hosp Pharm, 36, 754 Tankanow, 1990, A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of Lactinex in the prophylaxis of amoxicillin-induced diarrhea, DICP, 24, 382, 10.1177/106002809002400408 Orrhage, 1994, Effects of supplements of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on intestinal microbiota during administration of clindamycin, Microb Ecol Health Dis, 7, 17 Vanderhoof, 1999, Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children, J Pediatr, 135, 356, 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70053-3 1999 Peters, 1992, Diet and colon cancer in Los Angeles County, California, Cancer Causes Control, 3, 457, 10.1007/BF00051359 Reddy, 1993, Inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium longum on colon, mammary, and liver carcinogenesis induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, a food mutagen, Cancer Res, 53, 3914 Ayebo, 1981, Antitumor component(s) of yogurt: fractionation, J Dairy Sci, 64, 2318, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(81)82853-6 Shackelford, 1983, Effect of feeding fermented milk on the incidence of chemically induced colon tumors in rats, Nutr Cancer, 5, 159, 10.1080/01635588309513793 Wollowski, 1999, Bacteria used for the production of yogurt inactivate carcinogens and prevent DNA damage in the colon of rats, J Nutr, 129, 77, 10.1093/jn/129.1.77 Bolognani, 2001, Effect of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and inulin on the formation of aberrant crypt foci in rats, Eur J Nutr, 40, 293, 10.1007/s394-001-8359-7 Ganjam, 1997, Antiproliferative effects of yogurt fractions obtained by membrane dialysis on cultured mammalian intestinal cells, J Dairy Sci, 80, 2325, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76183-6 Kim, 2001, Intestinal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity of patients with colon cancer, Arch Pharm Res, 24, 564, 10.1007/BF02975166 Reddy, 1992, Effect of dietary fiber on colonic bacterial enzymes and bile acids in relation to colon cancer, Gastroenterology, 102, 1475, 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91704-8 Goldin, 1984, Alterations of the intestinal microflora by diet, oral antibiotics, and Lactobacillus: decreased production of free amines from aromatic nitro compounds, azo dyes, and glucuronides, J Natl Cancer Inst, 73, 689 Goldin, 1984, The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity, Am J Clin Nutr, 39, 756, 10.1093/ajcn/39.5.756 Rafter, 1995, The role of lactic acid bacteria in colon cancer prevention, Scand J Gastroenterol, 30, 497, 10.3109/00365529509089779 Sartor, 1997, Pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, Am J Gastroenterol, 92, 5S Kwon, 2003, Case reports of heart failure after therapy with a tumor necrosis factor antagonist, Ann Intern Med, 138, 807, 10.7326/0003-4819-138-10-200305200-00008 Fabia, 1993, Impairment of bacterial flora in human ulcerative colitis and experimental colitis in the rat, Digestion, 54, 248, 10.1159/000201045 McCormick, 1990, Mucin depletion in inflammatory bowel disease, J Clin Pathol, 43, 143, 10.1136/jcp.43.2.143 van Wijngaarden, 2001, Tuberculous pleurisy: an unusual complication during treatment of Crohn disease with azathioprine, Scand J Gastroenterol, 37, 1004, 10.1080/003655201750305567 Madsen, 1999, Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene-deficient mice, Gastroenterology, 116, 1107, 10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70013-2 Steidler, 2000, Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10, Science, 289, 1352, 10.1126/science.289.5483.1352 Malin, 1996, Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohn's disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG, Ann Nutr Metab, 40, 137, 10.1159/000177907 Kaila, 1992, Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain, Pediatr Res, 32, 141, 10.1203/00006450-199208000-00002 Marshall, 1983, Unidentified curved bacillus on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis, Lancet, 1, 1273 Labigne, 1996, Determinants of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity, Infect Agents Dis, 5, 191 Duggan, 2002, Helicobacter pylori: when is treatment now indicated?, Int Med J, 32, 465, 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2002.00275.x Aiba, 1998, Lactic acid-mediated supression of Helicobacter pylori by the oral administration of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in a gnobiotic murine model, Am J Gastroenterol, 93, 2097, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00600.x Midolo, 1995, In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 by organic acids and lactic acid bacteria, J Appl Bacteriol, 79, 475, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03164.x Coconnier, 1998, Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo by the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB, Appl Env Microbiol, 64, 4573, 10.1128/AEM.64.11.4573-4580.1998 Kim, 2003, Antagonism of Helicobacter pylori by bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria, J Food Prot, 66, 3, 10.4315/0362-028X-66.1.3 Armuzzi, 2001, Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a pilot study, Digestion, 63, 1, 10.1159/000051865 Michetti, 1999, Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (johnsonii) La1 on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans, Digestion, 60, 203, 10.1159/000007660 Sakamoto, 2001, Suppressive effect of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL 2716 (LG21) on Helicobacter pylori infection in humns, J Antimicrob Chemother, 47, 709, 10.1093/jac/47.5.709 Cats, 2003, Effect of frequent consumption of a Lactobacillus casei-containing milk drink in Helicobacter pylori-colonized subjects, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 17, 429, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01452.x Kalliomäki, 2003, Role of intestinal flora in the development of allergy, Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 3, 15, 10.1097/00130832-200302000-00003 Kirjavainen, 2003, Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 36, 223, 10.1097/00005176-200302000-00012 Isolauri, 1996, Studies on Lactobacillus GG in food hypersensitivity disorders, Nutr Today, 31, 28S, 10.1097/00017285-199611001-00009 Gurr, 1984, The nutritional role of cultured dairy products, Can Inst Food Sci Technol, 17, 57, 10.1016/S0315-5463(84)72357-1 Rytkönen, 2002, Effect of heat denaturation on beta-lactoglobulin-induced gastrointestinal sensitization in rats: denatured βLG induces a more intensive local immunologic response than native βLG, Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 13, 269, 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2002.01028.x Bischoff, 2000, Allergy and the gut, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 121, 270, 10.1159/000024340 Miettinen, 1998, Lactobacilli and streptococci induce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and gamma interferon production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Infect Immun, 66, 6058, 10.1128/IAI.66.12.6058-6062.1998 Shida, 1998, Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced IgE secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 115, 278, 10.1159/000069458 Gasser, 1994, Safety of lactic acid bacteria and their occurrence in human clinical infection, Bull Inst Pasteur, 92, 45 MacGregor, 2002, Yoghurt biotherapy: contraindicated in immunosuppressed patients?, Postgrad Med J, 78, 366, 10.1136/pmj.78.920.366 Schlegel, 1998, Lactobacillus species as opportunistic pathogens in immune-compromised patients, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 17, 887, 10.1007/s100960050216 Bayer, 1978, Lactobacillemia—report of nine cases. Important clinical and therapeutic considerations, Am J Med, 64, 808, 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90521-1 Horwitch, 1995, Lactobacillemia in three patients with AIDS, Clin Infect Dis, 21, 1460, 10.1093/clinids/21.6.1460 Husni, 1997, Lactobacillus bacteremia and endocarditis: review of 45 cases, Clin Infect Dis, 25, 1048, 10.1086/516109 Mackay, 1999, Lactobacillus endocarditis caused by a probiotic organism, Clin Microbiol Infect, 5, 290, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00144.x Presterl, 2001, Endocarditis by Lactobacillus rhamnosus due to yogurt ingestion?, Scand J Infect Dis, 33, 710, 10.1080/00365540110026953 Avlami, 2001, Lactobacillus rhamnosus endocarditis complicating colonoscopy, J Infect, 42, 283, 10.1053/jinf.2001.0793