Melatonin ameliorates blood–brain barrier permeability, glutathione, and nitric oxide levels in the choroid plexus of the infantile rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus

Aggelopoulos, 1997, An abnormal distribution of melatonin receptors in the newborn rat with inherited prenatal hydrocephalus, Neuroscience, 80, 669 Balasubramaniam, 2002, Analysis of age-dependant alteration in the brain gene expression profile following induction of hydrocephalus in rats, Exp. Neurol., 173, 105, 10.1006/exnr.2001.7831 Banizs, 2005, Dysfunctional cilia lead to altered ependyma and choroid plexus function, and result in the formation of hydrocephalus, Development, 132, 5329, 10.1242/dev.02153 Belayev, 1996, Quantitative evaluation of blood–brain barrier permeability following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, Brain Res., 739, 88, 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)00815-3 Chen, 2006, Melatonin decreases neurovascular oxidative/nitrosative damage and protects against early increases in the blood–brain barrier permeability after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice, J. Pineal Res., 41, 175, 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00351.x Cuzzocrea, 2001, Pharmacological action of melatonin in shock, inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 426, 1, 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01175-X Cuzzocrea, 2000, Beneficial effects of melatonin in a rat model of splanchnic artery occlusion and reperfusion, J. Pineal Res., 28, 52, 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2000.280108.x Del Bigio, 1995, The ependyma: a protective barrier between brain and cerebrospinal fluid, Glia, 14, 1, 10.1002/glia.440140102 Ding, 2001, Neuron tolerance during hydrocephalus, Neuroscience, 106, 659, 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00166-X Dringen, 2000, Glutathione metabolism in brain metabolic interaction between astrocytes and neurons in the defense against reactive oxygen species, Eur. J. Biochem., 267, 4912, 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01597.x Esposito, 2001, Non-invasive assessment of blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability using a gamma camera to detect 99technetium-gluceptate extravasation in rat brain, Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc., 8, 143, 10.1016/S1385-299X(01)00104-0 Fairbanks, 1999, Biochemical aspects of hematology, 1642 Hascalik, 2005, Protective role of melatonin in pinealectomized rat brains: in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, J. Pineal Res., 39, 342, 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00255.x Hatta, 2006, Heavy water inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and the development of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice, J. Neurosurg., 104, 251 Huber, 2001, Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier, Trends Neurosci., 24, 719, 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)02004-X Kinsman, 1997, Induction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase during the late stage of congenital hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat, Abstr. Soc. Neurosci., 23, 1874 Kohn, 1984, Animal model of human disease. Congenital hydrocephalus, Am. J. Pathol., 114, 184 Koltuksuz, 2000, Testicular nitric oxide levels after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in rats pretreated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester, Urol. Res., 28, 360, 10.1007/s002400000145 Kondziella, 2002, Alterations in brain metabolism, CNS morphology and CSF dynamics in adult rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus, Brain. Res., 927, 35, 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03320-0 Leon, 2006, Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity by N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, J. Neurochem., 98, 2023, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04029.x Mashayekhi, 2005, Expression of nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of congenital hydrocephalic and normal children, Eur. J. Neurol., 12, 632, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01044.x McCullough, 1989, Hydrocephalus: etiology, pathologic effects, diagnosis, and natural history, 180 Meister, 1988, Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification, J. Biol. Chem., 263, 17205, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77815-6 Miyan, 1998, Cell death in the brain of the H-Tx rat, Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg., 8, 43, 10.1055/s-2008-1071253 Navarro-Gonzalves, 1998, Semiautomated measurement of nitrate in biological fluids, Clin. Chem., 44, 679, 10.1093/clinchem/44.3.679 Pozo, 1997, Inhibition of cerebellar nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP production by melatonin via complex formation with calmodulin, J. Cell. Biochem., 65, 430, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970601)65:3<430::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-J Redzic, 2004, The structure of the choroid plexus and the physiology of the choroid plexus epithelium, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 56, 1695, 10.1016/j.addr.2004.07.005 Redzic, 2005, The choroid plexus–cerebrospinal fluid system: from development to aging, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 71, 1, 10.1016/S0070-2153(05)71001-2 Reiter, 1981, The mammalian pineal gland: structure and function, Am. J. Anat., 162, 287, 10.1002/aja.1001620402 Reiter, 2002, Role of CSF in the transport of melatonin, J. Pineal Res., 33, 61, 10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.2e001.x Reiter, 2000, Melatonin: mechanisms and actions as an antioxidant, Curr. Top. Biophys., 24, 171 Reiter, 2000, Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress. A review, J. Biomed. Sci., 7, 444, 10.1007/BF02253360 Reiter, 2001, Biochemical reactivity of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a review of the evidence, Cell Biochem. Biophys., 34, 237, 10.1385/CBB:34:2:237 Ross, 1988, Gluthathione, free radicals and chemotherapeutic agents, Pharmacol. Ther., 37, 231, 10.1016/0163-7258(88)90027-7 Socci, 1999, Evidence that oxidative stress is associated with the pathophysiology of inherited hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat model, Exp. Neurol., 155, 109, 10.1006/exnr.1998.6969 Tan, 1993, Melatonin: a potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger, Endocr. J., 1, 57 Taysi, 2003, Melatonin reduces lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide during irradiation-induced oxidative injury in the rat liver, J. Pineal Res., 34, 173, 10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00024.x Tricoire, 2002, Melatonin enters the cerebrospinal fluid through the pineal recess, Endocrinology, 143, 84, 10.1210/endo.143.1.8585 Vetsika, 1999, The effects of CSF blockage in early-onset hydrocephalus on the activity of the germinal epithelium, Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg., 9, 43 Yamada, 1991, Melatonin secretion in normal pressure hydrocephalus after cerebral aneurysm rupture. Investigation before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Neurol. Med.-Chir. (Tokyo), 31, 490, 10.2176/nmc.31.490