The Concept of Ego Threat in Social and Personality Psychology: Is Ego Threat a Viable Scientific Construct?

Personality and Social Psychology Review - Tập 13 Số 3 - Trang 151-164 - 2009
Mark R. Leary1, Meredith L. Terry2, Ashley Batts Allen2, Eleanor B. Tate2
1Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. [email protected]
2Duke University, Durham, NC

Tóm tắt

Although widely invoked as an explanation for psychological phenomena, ego threat has been conceptualized and induced in a variety of ways. Most contemporary research conceptualizes ego threat as a threat to a person’s self-image or self-esteem, but experimental operationalizations of ego threat usually confound threats to self-esteem with threats to public image or decreased control over negative events, leading to an inability to distinguish the effects of threats to people’s personal egos from threats to public image or threats to feelings of control. This article reviews research on ego threat, discusses experimental manipulations that confound ego threat with other processes, and makes recommendations regarding the use of ego threat as a construct in personality and social psychology.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Allen, R., 2003, Penguin English Dictionary, 2

10.1037/h0055375

10.1037/0022-3514.38.3.416

10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252

10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.141

10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497

10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5

10.1207/s15324834basp1201_7

10.1037/0021-843X.97.3.357

10.1016/0092-6566(87)90021-3

10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.187

2004, Bloomsbury English Dictionary

10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.002

10.1007/s10979-006-9004-5

10.1080/713755684

10.1080/026999397380023

10.1080/02699939408408932

10.2466/pr0.1976.38.3.699

10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.1090

Craighead, W.E., 2001, Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00454.x

10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.637

10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.345

10.2466/pr0.1985.57.2.467

10.1080/02699930244000381

10.1037/h0021885

10.1037/h0034775

10.1037/h0082358

10.1002/1099-0984(200005/06)14:3<245::AID-PER375>3.0.CO;2-G

10.1037/h0055002

10.1207/s15327752jpa4501_13

10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.382

10.1007/BF02686891

Freud, S., 1938, The basic writings of Sigmund Freud

Freud, S., 1961, The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud

10.1016/0022-1031(78)90023-9

10.2466/pms.1974.38.3.785

10.1086/221956

Greenberg, J., Solomon, S. & Pyszczynski, T. (1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 29, pp. 61-139). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

10.1037/0003-066X.35.7.603

Greenwald, A.G. ( 1982). Ego-task analysis: An integration of research on ego-involvement and self-awareness. In A. H. Hastorf & A. M. Isen (Eds.), Cognitive social psychology (pp. 109-147). New York: Elsevier North Holland.

Greenwald, A.G. & Breckler, S.J. (1985). To whom is the self presented? In B. R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 126-145). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Greenwald, A. ( 1988). Self-knowledge and self-deception. In J. S. Lockhard & D. L. Paulhus (Eds.), Self-deception: An adaptive mechanism? (pp. 113-131). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Gregory, R.L., 2004, The Oxford Companion to the Mind

10.1348/000712606X103428

10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.138

Heatherton, T.F., 2000, Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 78, 725

10.1037/h0025491

10.1037/h0030850

10.1037/h0028072

James, W., 1890, The principles of psychology (Vol. 1)

10.1002/eat.10132

Kazdin, A.E., 2000, Encyclopedia of Psychology

10.1037/0022-006X.44.3.406

10.1348/014466503762841977

10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.492

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01818.x

10.1023/A:1005511320194

10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00105-7

10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480

10.1177/0146167206289408

10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.04.009

Leary, M.R., 1995, Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior

10.1080/10463280540000007

10.1521/jscp.1986.4.4.461

10.2307/2786815

Leary, M.R. & Baumeister, R.F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1-62). San Diego, CA : Academic Press.

Leary, M.R., 1995, Social anxiety

10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_2

10.1007/BF01564370

10.1016/0022-3999(84)90037-0

10.1002/jclp.20367

10.1037/h0027258

10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63

10.1207/s15328023top3303_4

10.1097/00005053-199609000-00006

10.1002/eat.20147

10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200005)27:4<405::AID-EAT4>3.0.CO;2-H

10.1080/10615800500209324

10.1037/0022-0663.78.6.486

10.1016/0361-476X(89)90030-1

10.1037/0893-164X.16.2.113

10.1002/per.2410080306

10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004

10.1080/00223980.1963.9923693

2003, Penguin English dictionary

2001, Penguin dictionary of psychology

Reber, A.S., 2001, Penguin Dictionary of Psychology

10.1002/erv.556

Schmeichel, B.J. & Baumeister, R.F. (2004). Self-regulatory strength . In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 84-98). New York: Guilford.

10.1037/h0049277

10.1037/h0046721

10.1207/s15324834basp1804_3

10.1016/B978-0-12-657402-9.50013-2

10.1016/0092-6566(84)90027-8

10.1037/h0054651

10.1111/1467-6494.05015

Sutherland, N.S., 1995, International Dictionary of Psychology

10.1037/h0032110

10.1016/0191-8869(87)90134-6

10.1037/0033-295X.92.1.59

2000, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

1989, The Oxford English Dictionary, 2

10.1023/A:1023044625309

Vandenbos, G.R., 2006, American Psychological Association Dictionary of Psychology, 1

10.1086/510228

Vohs, K.D., 2001, Personality Processes and Interpersonal Perceptions, 81, 1103

10.1177/0146167203255767

10.1521/soco.22.1.168.30983

10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199711)22:3<299::AID-EAT9>3.0.CO;2-I

Waller, G., 1998, Eating Disorders, 24, 83

10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001

2001, Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary, 2

Weary, G., 1982, Social Cognition, 1, 140, 10.1521/soco.1982.1.2.140

10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641

10.1002/1097-4679(197904)35:2<401::AID-JCLP2270350234>3.0.CO;2-C

10.1037/h0053487