Thông tin và số liệu về bệnh Alzheimer năm 2016
Tóm tắt
Bài báo này mô tả tác động của bệnh Alzheimer đối với sức khỏe cộng đồng, bao gồm tỷ lệ mắc và tỷ lệ lưu hành, tỷ lệ tử vong, chi phí chăm sóc và tác động chung lên người chăm sóc cũng như xã hội. Bài báo cũng xem xét chi tiết tác động tài chính của bệnh Alzheimer đối với các gia đình, bao gồm chi phí hàng năm và những quyết định khó khăn mà các gia đình thường phải đưa ra để chi trả cho các chi phí đó. Ước tính có khoảng 5,4 triệu người Mỹ mắc bệnh Alzheimer. Đến giữa thế kỷ này, số người sống với bệnh Alzheimer ở Hoa Kỳ dự kiến sẽ tăng lên 13,8 triệu, phần lớn do sự lão hóa của thế hệ baby boom. Hiện nay, ở Hoa Kỳ, cứ mỗi 66 giây sẽ có một người phát triển bệnh Alzheimer. Đến năm 2050, dự kiến sẽ có một ca bệnh Alzheimer mới được phát hiện mỗi 33 giây, dẫn đến gần 1 triệu ca bệnh mới mỗi năm. Năm 2013, các giấy chứng tử chính thức ghi nhận 84,767 ca tử vong do bệnh Alzheimer, khiến đây trở thành nguyên nhân thứ sáu gây tử vong ở Hoa Kỳ và thứ năm đối với người Mỹ từ 65 tuổi trở lên. Trong khoảng thời gian từ năm 2000 đến 2013, số ca tử vong do đột quỵ, bệnh tim và ung thư tuyến tiền liệt giảm lần lượt 23%, 14% và 11%, trong khi số ca tử vong do bệnh Alzheimer tăng 71%. Số ca tử vong do bệnh Alzheimer gây ra thực tế có thể lớn hơn nhiều so với số ca tử vong do bệnh Alzheimer được ghi nhận trên giấy chứng tử. Năm 2016, dự kiến khoảng 700,000 người Mỹ trên 65 tuổi sẽ chết do bệnh Alzheimer, và nhiều người trong số họ sẽ tử vong do các biến chứng do bệnh Alzheimer gây ra. Năm 2015, hơn 15 triệu thành viên gia đình và các người chăm sóc không được trả lương đã cung cấp khoảng 18,1 triệu giờ chăm sóc cho những người mắc bệnh Alzheimer và các dạng sa sút trí tuệ khác, với giá trị ước tính trên 221 tỷ USD. Mức thanh toán trung bình theo đầu người của Medicare cho các dịch vụ cho những người thụ hưởng từ 65 tuổi trở lên mắc bệnh Alzheimer và các dạng sa sút trí tuệ khác lớn hơn gấp hai lần rưỡi so với thanh toán cho tất cả các thụ hưởng không mắc các điều kiện này, và mức thanh toán của Medicaid cao gấp 19 lần. Tổng chi phí năm 2016 cho chăm sóc sức khỏe, chăm sóc dài hạn và các dịch vụ chăm sóc y tế tận nhà cho những người từ 65 tuổi trở lên mắc bệnh sa sút trí tuệ ước tính là 236 tỷ USD. Chi phí chăm sóc bệnh Alzheimer có thể đặt gánh nặng tài chính nặng nề lên các gia đình, những người thường phải rút tiền từ tiết kiệm hưu trí, cắt giảm việc mua thực phẩm và giảm chuyến thăm bác sĩ của chính mình. Hơn nữa, nhiều thành viên trong gia đình hiểu sai rằng Medicare sẽ chi trả cho việc chăm sóc tại viện dưỡng lão và các loại chăm sóc dài hạn khác. Những phát hiện này nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải tìm ra các giải pháp để ngăn chặn các chi phí liên quan đến sa sút trí tuệ làm nguy hiểm sức khỏe và an ninh tài chính của các gia đình có người mắc bệnh Alzheimer và các dạng sa sút trí tuệ khác.
Từ khóa
#bệnh Alzheimer #sức khỏe cộng đồng #tác động tài chính #chăm sóc dài hạn #sa sút trí tuệTài liệu tham khảo
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