axit béo n–3 và bệnh tim mạch: giải thích bằng chứng và khám phá cơ chế

Clinical Science - Tập 107 Số 1 - Trang 1-11 - 2004
Philip C. Calder1
1Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K.

Tóm tắt

Các axit béo không bão hòa đa chuỗi dài n–3 (PUFAs) được tìm thấy trong cá béo và dầu cá. Có nhiều bằng chứng từ các nghiên cứu dịch tễ học và nghiên cứu trường hợp đối chứng cho thấy việc tiêu thụ cá, cá béo và các PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài làm giảm nguy cơ tử vong do tim mạch. Các nghiên cứu ngăn ngừa thứ cấp sử dụng PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài trên bệnh nhân sau nhồi máu cơ tim cho thấy giảm tỷ lệ tử vong tổng thể và tử vong do tim mạch, với tác động đặc biệt mạnh mẽ đối với tử vong đột ngột. Các PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài đã được chứng minh là giảm nồng độ triglycerid trong máu, giảm sản xuất các chất hóa học thu hút, yếu tố phát triển, phân tử dính, eicosanoid viêm và cytokine viêm, hạ huyết áp, tăng sản xuất nitric oxide, giãn mạch và tuân thủ mạch vành, giảm tắc nghẽn và rối loạn nhịp tim và tăng biến thiên nhịp tim. Những cơ chế này có thể giải thích việc bảo vệ tim mạch sơ bộ và thứ cấp do việc tiêu thụ PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài mang lại. Một nghiên cứu gần đây gợi ý rằng PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài cũng có thể đóng vai trò ổn định các mảng xơ vữa động mạch tiến triển, có thể thông qua những tác động chống viêm của chúng. Do những bằng chứng mạnh mẽ ủng hộ chúng, đã có một số khuyến nghị để làm tăng lượng tiêu thụ PUFAs n–3 chuỗi dài.

Từ khóa

#axit béo không bão hòa đa #n–3 #bệnh tim mạch #tử vong tim mạch #mảng xơ vữa #khuyến nghị dinh dưỡng

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