Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

Parasitology - Tập 141 Số 13 - Trang 1667-1685 - 2014
Una Ryan1, Ronald Fayer2, Lihua Xiao3
1School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150Australia
2Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA

Tóm tắt

SUMMARY

Cryptosporidiumis increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of moderate to severe diarrhoea in developing countries. With treatment options limited, control relies on knowledge of the biology and transmission of the members of the genus responsible for disease. Currently, 26 species are recognized as valid on the basis of morphological, biological and molecular data. Of the nearly 20Cryptosporidiumspecies and genotypes that have been reported in humans,Cryptosporidium hominisandCryptosporidium parvumare responsible for the majority of infections. Livestock, particularly cattle, are one of the most important reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Domesticated and wild animals can each be infected with severalCryptosporidiumspecies or genotypes that have only a narrow host range and therefore have no major public health significance. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques will significantly improve our understanding of the taxonomy and transmission ofCryptosporidiumspecies, and the investigation of outbreaks and monitoring of emerging and virulent subtypes. Important research gaps remain including a lack of subtyping tools for manyCryptosporidiumspecies of public and veterinary health importance, and poor understanding of the genetic determinants of host specificity ofCryptosporidiumspecies and impact of climate change on the transmission ofCryptosporidium.

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Parasitology

Tập 141 Số 13

1667-1685

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