<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and Its Pesticidal Crystal Proteins

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews - Tập 62 Số 3 - Trang 775-806 - 1998
E. Schnepf1, N. Crickmore2, Jeroen Van Rie3, Didier Lereclus4, James A. Baum5, Jerald S. Feitelson1, Daniel R. Zeigler6, Donald H. Dean6
1<!--label omitted: 1-->Mycogen Corp., San Diego, California 921211;
2<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom2;
3<!--label omitted: 3-->Plant Genetic Systems, n.v., Ghent, Belgium3;
4Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique
5<!--label omitted: 5-->Ecogen, Inc., Langhorne, Pennsylvania 190475; and
6<!--label omitted: 6-->Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 432106

Tóm tắt

SUMMARY During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of the organism’s pesticidal crystal proteins, and a coherent picture of these relationships is beginning to emerge. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins, their performance in agricultural and other natural settings, and the evolution of resistance mechanisms in target pests. Armed with this knowledge base and with the tools of modern biotechnology, researchers are now reporting promising results in engineering more-useful toxins and formulations, in creating transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, and in constructing integrated management strategies to insure that these products are utilized with maximum efficiency and benefit.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1128/jb.173.12.3846-3854.1991

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01298.x

Adams L. F. Thomas M. D. Presented at the Seventh International Conference on Bacillus 1993 Institut Pasteur Paris France

10.1128/jb.171.1.521-530.1989

10.1007/BF00023609

10.1139/x93-287

10.1128/jb.176.15.4734-4741.1994

10.1128/jb.177.21.6027-6032.1995

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.5401046.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00405.x

10.1073/pnas.83.5.1320

10.1126/science.268.5219.1894

10.1093/jee/89.2.311

10.1093/jee/76.6.1417

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05290.x

Angsuthanasombat C. Crickmore N. Ellar D. J. Effects on toxicity of eliminating a cleavage site in a predicted interhelical loop in Bacillus thuringiensis CryIVB delta endotoxin.FEMS Microbiol. Lett.1111993255261

10.1016/0378-1119(91)90495-W

10.1128/aem.57.4.981-986.1991

10.1128/jb.177.14.4059-4065.1995

10.1099/00207713-41-3-343

10.1080/09583159409355354

10.1016/0022-2011(91)90110-C

10.1128/jb.178.11.3099-3105.1996

10.1104/pp.85.4.1103

Bauer L. S. Koller C. N. Miller D. L. Hollingworth R. M. Presented at the XXVIIth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology Montpellier France 1994

Baum J. A. August 1995. U.S. patent 5 441 884.

10.1128/jb.176.10.2835-2845.1994

10.1128/aem.56.11.3420-3428.1990

10.1128/aem.62.12.4367-4373.1996

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18010001.x

10.1016/0022-2011(84)90031-4

Becker N. Margalit J. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquitoes and blackflies Bacillus thuringiensis an environmental biopesticide: theory and practice. J. Entwistle P. F. Cory P. F. Bailey M. J. Higgs S. 1993 145 170 Wiley & Sons New York N.Y

10.4039/Ent124587-4

10.1128/aem.55.6.1649-1652.1989

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01283.x

10.1006/jipa.1997.4669

10.1016/0003-2697(89)90231-5

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53087-8

10.1042/bj2670309

10.1016/S0167-7012(97)00980-9

Bolin P. C. Hutchison W. D. Andow D. A. Presented at the XXVIIIth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology 1995 Cornell University Ithaca N.Y

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03039.x

10.1128/aem.60.1.214-222.1994

Bosch D. Schipper B. van der Kleij H. de Maagd R. A. Stiekema W. J. Recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins with new properties: possibilities for resistance management.Bio/Technology121994915918

10.1128/jb.170.8.3575-3583.1988

Bowen T. 1996. Unpublished results.

10.1128/jb.179.9.2793-2801.1997

10.1007/BF02172985

10.1016/0022-2011(92)90004-N

10.1007/BF00293822

10.1128/jb.175.24.7951-7957.1993

10.1073/pnas.85.12.4166

10.1128/jb.172.12.6682-6688.1990

10.1016/0022-2011(77)90210-5

10.1021/bi9702389

10.1128/aem.60.6.1719-1725.1994

10.1099/13500872-142-7-1625

10.1128/jb.175.4.1053-1060.1993

10.1128/aem.57.11.3057-3061.1991

10.1006/jipa.1997.4656

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17979.x

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00797.x

10.1128/aem.60.7.2304-2310.1994

10.1128/aem.59.3.815-821.1993

10.1139/m97-047

10.1093/jee/90.4.873

10.1074/jbc.270.11.6412

10.1073/pnas.90.19.9041

10.1007/BF00508723

Chilcott C. N. Ellar D. J. Comparative study of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins in vivo and in vitro.J. Gen. Microbiol.134198825512558

10.1038/357216a0

10.1021/bi00501a015

10.1007/BF01024989

10.1016/0006-291X(91)91908-U

10.1128/aem.55.11.2779-2788.1989

10.1128/aem.55.11.2779-2788.1989

10.1074/jbc.273.15.9292

10.1242/jeb.137.1.277

Crickmore N. Bone E. J. Williams J. A. Ellar D. J. Contribution of the individual components of the δ-endotoxin crystal to the mosquitocidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.FEMS Microbiol. Lett.1311995249254

10.1128/MMBR.62.3.807-813.1998

10.3109/09687689409162225

de Barjac H. Sutherland D. J. Bacterial control of mosquitoes and blackflies. 1990 Rutgers University Press New Brunswick N.J

Delécluse A. Unpublished results.

10.1016/0147-619X(89)90088-7

10.1128/jb.173.11.3374-3381.1991

10.1128/aem.59.11.3922-3927.1993

10.1128/AEM.61.12.4230-4235.1995

10.1016/0022-2011(84)90095-8

10.1016/0022-2011(79)90085-5

10.1139/m81-137

10.1128/aem.62.5.1537-1543.1996

10.1128/aem.62.8.2753-2757.1996

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00748.x

10.1128/aem.59.6.1828-1837.1993

10.1128/jb.177.9.2283-2291.1995

10.1128/jb.175.10.2952-2960.1993

10.1128/aem.58.12.3921-3927.1992

10.1128/aem.63.6.2311-2317.1997

10.1128/aem.60.10.3847-3853.1994

10.1128/aem.62.8.2932-2939.1996

10.1093/ee/24.6.1741

10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37376-3

10.1016/0022-2011(70)90240-5

10.1006/plas.1997.1283

10.1128/mr.57.1.1-33.1993

10.1006/bbrc.1995.1982

10.1128/aem.60.10.3840-3846.1994

10.1038/nbt0297-137

10.1073/pnas.93.11.5389

Feitelson J. S. The Bacillus thuringiensis family tree Advanced engineered pesticides. Kim L. 1993 63 71 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

Feitelson J. S. Payne J. Kim L. Bacillus thuringiensis: insects and beyond.Bio/Technology101992271275

10.1021/bi00194a017

10.1016/0378-1097(95)00271-6

10.1073/pnas.88.12.5119

Fischhoff D. A. Bowdisch K. S. Perlak F. J. Marrone P. G. McCormick S. H. Niedermeyer J. G. Dean D. A. Kusano-Kretzmer K. Mayer E. J. Rochester D. E. Rogers S. G. Fraley R. T. Insect tolerant transgenic tomato plants.Bio/Technology51987807813

Fischhoff D. A. and S. G. Rogers. 1994. U.S. patent 5 349 124.

10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01015-6

10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)31:3<257::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-V

10.1080/09583159409355368

10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00029-5

Fujimoto H. Itoh K. Yamamoto M. Kyozuka J. Shimamoto K. Insect resistant rice generated by introduction of a modified δ-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis.Bio/Technology11199311511155

Gaertner F. H. Quick T. C. Thompson M. A. CellCap: an encapsulation system for insecticidal biotoxin proteins Advanced engineered pesticides. Kim L. 1993 73 83 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1016/0378-1119(92)90004-9

10.1128/aem.57.10.2816-2820.1991

Gawron-Burke C. Baum J. A. Genetic manipulation of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein genes in bacteria Genetic engineering: principles and methods Setlow J. K. 13 1991 237 263 Plenum Press New York, N.Y

10.1021/bi9707584

10.1074/jbc.270.6.2571

10.1021/bi00064a029

10.1021/bi00097a013

10.1016/0378-1119(90)90134-D

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55221-2

10.1073/pnas.86.11.4037

Georghiou G. P. Lagunes-Tejeda A. The occurrence of resistance to pesticides in arthropods. 1991 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy

10.1128/aem.63.3.1095-1101.1997

10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.003151

10.1016/S0300-9084(72)80070-1

Goldberg L. J. Margalit J. A bacterial spore demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity against Anopheles sergentii, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culex univitattus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens.Mosquito News371977355358

10.1073/pnas.79.22.6951

10.1016/0147-619X(81)90010-X

Gordon R. E. Haynes W. C. Pang C. H.-N. The genus Bacillus. U.S. 1973 Department of Agriculture Washington D.C

10.2307/1310643

10.1080/09583159409355357

10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.701

10.1073/pnas.94.8.3519

10.1093/jee/88.6.1545

10.1073/pnas.89.17.7986

10.1006/bbrc.1996.1099

10.1128/jb.171.1.104-113.1989

10.1006/jmbi.1995.0630

10.1093/jee/86.4.1035

10.1042/bj2480197

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09612.x

10.1128/jb.173.14.4526-4529.1991

10.1242/jeb.83.1.293

10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01695.x

10.1093/jee/90.1.75

10.1128/jb.167.1.18-24.1986

10.1139/z55-017

Himeno M. Ihara H. Mode of action of δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. In J. M. Clark (ed.) Molecular action of insecticides on ion channels. 1995 American Chemical Society Washington D.C

10.3109/10425179009016037

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06545.x

10.1007/BF00690150

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13970.x

10.1073/pnas.85.21.7844

10.1128/mr.53.2.242-255.1989

Hussain S.-R. A. O. Alzate J. A. Cotrill A. I. Aronson and D. H. Dean. 1996. Unpublished observation.

10.1271/bbb.57.200

10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199609)48:1<89::AID-PS450>3.0.CO;2-B

10.1126/science.273.5280.1412

10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700050035x

10.1128/aem.56.6.1608-1614.1990

Jellis C. Bassand D. Beerman N. Dennis C. Farrell K. Piot J. C. Rusche J. Carson H. Witt D. Molecular biology of Bacillus thuringiensis and potential benefits to agriculture.Isr. J. Entomol.231989189199

Jenkins J. O. Alzate and D. H. Dean. 1998. Unpublished observation.

10.1007/s002849900074

10.1016/0965-1748(94)00077-U

10.1128/aem.60.1.19-25.1994

10.1128/aem.61.8.3063-3068.1995

10.2323/jgam.37.225

10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80035-4

10.1111/j.1348-0421.1978.tb00414.x

10.1128/aem.63.9.3419-3425.1997

10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997

10.1093/jee/88.3.454

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00324.x

10.1074/jbc.270.30.17765

10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60085-5

10.1002/bies.950150706

10.1016/0304-4165(87)90167-X

10.1016/0014-5793(84)80245-8

10.1016/0006-291X(92)90645-2

Kolstø A.-B. Personal communication.

10.1099/13500872-140-8-1869

10.1128/jb.178.7.2141-2144.1996

Koziel M. G. Beland G. L. Bowman C. Carozzi N. B. Crenshaw R. Crossland L. Dawson J. Desai N. Hill M. Kadwell S. Launis K. Lewis K. Maddox D. McPherson K. Meghji M. R. Merlin E. Rhodes R. Warren G. W. Wright M. Evola S. V. Field performance of elite transgenic maize plants expressing an insecticidal protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.Bio/Technology111993194200

10.1080/02648725.1993.10647901

10.1128/jb.160.1.95-102.1984

10.1016/0378-1119(86)90005-3

10.1590/S0074-02761995000100017

10.1128/aem.62.1.80-86.1996

10.2307/1311652

10.1016/0378-1119(92)90457-Z

10.1128/aem.60.2.501-508.1994

Lecadet M.-M. 1997. Personal communication.

10.1016/0022-2011(67)90065-1

Lecadet M.-M. Dedonder R. Les protéases de Pieris brassicae. I. Purification et propriétés.Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol.481966631660

Lecadet M.-M. Frachon E. Presented at the XXVIIth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology Montpellier France 1994

10.1128/aem.63.4.1453-1459.1997

10.1128/aem.62.2.583-586.1996

10.1006/bbrc.1996.0445

10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50702-5

10.1128/aem.61.11.3836-3842.1995

10.1006/bbrc.1995.2625

10.1099/00221287-143-8-2537

Lereclus D. Agaisse H. Gominet M. Chaufaux J. Overproduction of encapsulated insecticidal crystal proteins in a Bacillus thuringiensis sp0A mutant.Bio/Technology1319956771

Lereclus D. Arantès O. Chaufaux J. Lecadet M.-M. Transformation and expression of a cloned δ-endotoxin gene in Bacillus thuringiensis.FEMS Microbiol. Lett.601989211218

Lereclus D. Bourgouin C. Lecadet M.-M. Klier A. Rapoport G. Role structure and molecular organization of the genes coding for parasporal δ-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis. In I. Smith R. A. Slepecky and P. Setlow (ed.) Regulation of procaryotic development: structural and functional analysis of bacterial sporulation and germination. 1989 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C

10.1007/BF00330186

10.1007/BF00334831

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02174.x

10.1038/nbt0492-418

10.3109/09687689709068435

Levinson B. L. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of two beta-exotoxins produced by some Bacillus thuringiensis strains Analytical chemistry of Bacillus thuringiensis. Hickle L. A. Fitch W. L. 1990 115 136 American Chemical Society Washington D.C

10.1038/353815a0

10.1006/jmbi.1996.0152

10.1074/jbc.270.42.24719

10.1016/0022-1910(94)00093-V

10.1098/rspb.1997.0086

10.1128/aem.63.6.2218-2223.1997

10.1093/jee/89.4.798

Logan N. A. Berkley R. C. W. Identification of Bacillus strains using the API system.J. Gen. Microbiol.130198418711882

10.1016/0014-5793(95)00092-N

10.1038/355601a0

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00575.x

10.1128/jb.176.17.5554-5559.1994

10.1016/S0965-1748(96)00027-6

10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00052-0

10.1128/aem.63.3.1024-1027.1997

10.1016/0022-2011(83)90166-0

10.1128/jb.173.3.1353-1356.1991

Machesky H. USDA forest service gypsy moth aerial suppression/eradication projects.Gypsy Moth News20198923

10.1073/pnas.88.20.8930

10.1126/science.2476850

10.1126/science.2218530

10.1242/jcs.90.1.131

10.1242/jcs.94.3.601

Mahaffee W. F. Moar W. J. Kloepper J. W. Bacterial endophytes genetically engineered to express the CryIIA δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Improving plant productivity with rhizosphere bacteria. Ryder M. H. Stevens P. M. Bowen G. D. 1994 245 246 CSIRO Publications East Melbourne Victoria Australia

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03447.x

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02971.x

10.1007/BF01435236

10.1016/0378-1119(87)90307-6

10.1098/rspb.1992.0145

10.1128/jb.176.15.4750-4753.1994

10.1128/jb.176.15.4742-4749.1994

Manker D. C. W. D. Lidster R. L. Starnes and S. C. MacIntosh. May 1994. World Intellectual Property Organization patent WO 94/09630.

10.1242/jeb.198.1.91

10.1128/aem.55.10.2437-2442.1989

10.1074/jbc.270.35.20309

10.1074/jbc.270.20.11887

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01321.x

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03485.x

McBride K. E. Svab Z. Schaaf D. J. Hogan P. S. Stalker D. M. Maliga P. Amplification of a chimeric Bacillus gene in chloroplasts leads to an extraordinary level of insecticidal crystal protein in tobacco.Bio/Technology131995362365

10.1093/jee/78.5.1089

10.1126/science.229.4709.193

10.1093/jee/81.1.28

10.1093/jee/87.3.535

10.1126/science.258.5087.1451

Meadows M. P. Bacillus thuringiensis in the environment: ecology and risk assessment Bacillus thuringiensis an environmental biopesticide: theory and practice. Entwistle P. F. Cory J. S. Bailey M. J. Higgs S. 1993 193 220 Wiley New York N.Y

10.1128/aem.58.4.1344-1350.1992

10.1128/jb.172.12.6689-6696.1990

10.1007/BF01248408

10.1016/0965-1748(93)90040-Y

10.1006/jipa.1994.1021

10.1128/aem.61.6.2086-2092.1995

10.1093/jee/82.6.1593

10.1128/aem.62.11.4168-4173.1996

Moran C. P. RNA polymerase and transcription factors Bacillus subtilis and other gram-positive bacteria. Sonenshein A. L. Hoch J. A. Losick R. 1993 653 667 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C

10.1093/jee/89.4.791

Nagamatsu Y. Itai Y. Hatanaka C. Funatsu G. Hayashi K. A toxic fragment from the entomocidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis.Agric. Biol. Chem.481984611619

10.1073/pnas.94.6.2111

10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60967-8

10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)36:3<181::AID-ARCH3>3.0.CO;2-X

10.1128/jb.168.2.982-989.1986

10.1016/0378-1119(86)90031-4

10.1016/0968-0004(91)90090-I

10.1074/jbc.272.38.23473

10.1006/bbrc.1994.1134

10.1016/0022-2011(80)90022-1

10.1016/0968-0004(93)90096-6

10.1016/0022-2836(92)90550-4

Payne J. K. A. Uyeda C. J. Stalder and T. E. Michaels. March 1994. U. S. patient 5 298 245.

10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01018-4

Peferoen M. Jansens S. Reynaerts A. Leemans J. Molecular and cellular biology of the potato Vayda M. E. Park W. C. 1990 193 CAB International Wallingford United Kingdom

10.1093/jee/90.1.87

10.1093/jee/90.1.94

Perlak F. J. Deaton R. W. Armstrong T. A. Fuchs R. L. Sims S. R. Greenplate J. T. Fischhoff D. A. Insect resistant cotton plants.Bio/Technology81990939943

10.1073/pnas.88.8.3324

10.1007/BF00014938

10.1016/0965-1748(94)00092-V

10.1038/385833a0

10.1128/aem.50.6.1496-1501.1985

10.1128/mr.59.1.94-123.1995

10.1128/aem.59.11.3928-3930.1993

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06747.x

10.1006/jipa.1995.1075

10.1099/00221287-143-8-2743

Priest F. G. Goodfellow M. Todd C. A numerical classification of the genus Bacillus.J. Gen. Microbiol.134198818471882

10.1007/s002849900009

10.1128/jb.177.9.2276-2282.1995

10.1073/pnas.93.25.14338

10.1074/jbc.271.5.2390

10.1074/jbc.271.41.25220

Rajamohan F. Lee M. K. Dean D. H. Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins: molecular mode of action. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology 60 1998 Academic Press New York N.Y

10.1016/0014-5793(95)00220-4

10.1016/0923-2508(93)90011-P

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01369.x

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01258.x

10.1006/plas.1993.1041

10.1093/jee/88.1.1

10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80379-6

10.1007/s002849900194

Roush R. T. Can we slow adaptation by pests to insect transgenic crops? Biotechnology and integrated pest management. Persley G. J. 1996 242 263 CAB International Wallingford United Kingdom

10.1080/09583159409355364

10.3109/07388558709086986

10.1016/0014-5793(86)80814-6

10.1099/13500872-142-8-2049

10.1016/0168-1656(96)01404-6

10.1128/aem.63.2.779-784.1997

10.1016/0014-5793(93)81305-J

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00044.x

10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36993-4

10.1038/nsb0796-596

10.1016/S0021-9258(17)45305-1

Schnepf H. E. Whiteley H. R. Protein toxins of Bacilli Molecular biology of microbial differentiation. Hoch J. A. Setlow P. 1985 209 216 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C

10.1007/BF00330581

10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00626-1

10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00801-6

10.1128/aem.63.10.3978-3984.1997

10.1016/0005-2736(91)90237-3

10.1007/BF00233051

10.1007/BF01570876

10.1128/aem.63.7.2798-2801.1997

10.1093/jee/86.3.697

Shelton A. M. Roush R. T. Tang J. D. Perez C. J. Earle E. D. Presented at the XXVIIIth Annual Meeting of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology 1995 Cornell University Ithaca N.Y

10.1016/S0968-0004(06)80018-6

10.1128/jb.166.1.194-204.1986

10.1093/ee/25.3.659

10.1021/jf960647w

10.1007/BF00014436

10.1016/0006-291X(90)90397-6

10.1099/13500872-142-7-1617

10.1042/bj3020611

10.1006/plas.1994.1039

10.1128/aem.62.2.680-684.1996

Smith R. A. 1996. Personal communication.

10.1128/aem.57.1.311-315.1991

10.1128/aem.59.8.2404-2410.1993

Sonngay S. and W. Panbangred. 1997. Unpublished observation.

10.1128/aem.60.12.4404-4412.1994

10.1139/z52-002

10.1007/BF02186072

10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00239.x

10.1139/m90-152

10.1016/0022-2011(89)90011-6

10.1128/aem.58.10.3343-3346.1992

10.1146/annurev.en.39.010194.000403

10.1073/pnas.91.10.4120

10.1128/aem.59.5.1332-1335.1993

10.1073/pnas.94.5.1640

10.1073/pnas.94.24.12780

10.1128/aem.62.8.2839-2844.1996

Tan Y. Donovan W. Cloning and characterization of the alkaline protease gene of Bacillus thuringiensis abstr. Q-40 Abstracts of the 95th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1995 406 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C

10.1093/jee/90.3.732

10.1128/aem.62.2.564-569.1996

10.1016/S0378-1097(96)00439-9

10.1128/aem.58.3.905-910.1992

10.1016/0014-5793(83)80183-5

Thompson M. and G. E. Schwab. November 1995. World Intellectual Property Organization patent WO 95/30752.

Thompson M. G. E. Schwab H. E. Schnepf and B. Stockhoff. November 1995. World Intellectual Property Organization patent WO 95/30753.

Thompson M. A. Schnepf H. E. Feitelson J. S. Structure, function, and engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Genetic engineering: principles and methods Setlow J. K. 17 1995 99 117 Plenum Press New York, N.Y

10.1128/aem.45.2.576-580.1983

10.1006/bcon.1995.1053

Torla R. 1998. Personal communication.

10.1128/aem.53.6.1263-1266.1987

10.1093/jee/90.2.267

10.1007/BF00704640

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31394-2

10.1074/jbc.270.10.5490

10.1038/328033a0

10.1016/0965-1748(95)00050-X

10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00028-3

10.1007/BF00020398

10.1007/BF00039519

10.1006/jipa.1993.1116

10.1128/aem.57.6.1650-1655.1991

10.1128/aem.56.5.1378-1385.1990

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15201.x

10.1126/science.2294593

Visser B. Bosch D. Honée G. Domain-function studies of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins: a genetic approach Bacillus thuringiensis an environmental biopesticide: theory and practice. Entwistle P. F. Cory J. S. Bailey M. J. Higgs S. 1993 71 88 John Wiley & Sons Chichester United Kingdom

10.1128/aem.60.10.3711-3717.1994

10.1006/bbrc.1993.2337

10.1093/jee/85.5.1651

Warren G. W. M. G. Koziel M. A. Mullins G. J. Nye N. Desai B. Carr and N. K. Kostichka. September 1994. World Intellectual Property Organization patent WO 94/21795.

10.1073/pnas.93.1.1

10.1016/0038-0717(85)90043-4

10.1016/0022-2011(84)90002-8

10.1016/0022-2011(84)90001-6

10.1093/jee/86.2.226

10.1080/09583159409355369

10.1128/jb.172.6.2826-2832.1990

Williams S. Friedrich L. Dincher S. Carozzi N. Kessmann H. Ward E. Ryals J. Chemical regulation of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin expression in transgenic plants.Bio/Technology101992540543

Witt D. P. Carson H. Hodgdon J. C. Vlak J. M. Peters D. Cytotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin to cultured CF-1 cells does not correlate with in vivo activity towards spruce budworm larvae Fundamental and applied aspects of invertebrate pathology. Samson R. A. 1986 3 6 Foundation of the Fourth International Colloquium of Invertebrate Pathology Wageningen The Netherlands

10.1093/icb/24.1.187

Wolfersberger M. G. Permeability of Bacillus thuringiensis CryI toxin channels.Molecular action of insecticides on ion channels.ClarkJ. M.1995American Chemical SocietyWashington D.C

10.1007/BF01954236

10.1128/aem.62.1.279-282.1996

Wolfersberger M. G. Hofmann C. Lüthy P. Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin with membrane vesicles isolated from lepidopteran larval midgut Bacterial protein toxins. Falmagne P. Alouf J. E. Fehrenbach F. J. Jeljaszewicz J. Thelestam M. 1986 237 238 Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart Germany

10.1073/pnas.83.10.3233

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33082-5

10.1128/aem.63.5.1814-1819.1997

10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45879-6

10.1016/0014-5793(85)81290-4

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00488.x

10.1006/jmbi.1996.0052

Wu S.-J. C. N. Koller D. L. Miller L. S. Bauer and D. H. Dean. 1996. Unpublished observation.

Yamamoto T. Personal communication.

Yamamoto T. Powell G. K. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins: recent advances in understanding its insecticidal activity Advanced engineered pesticides. Kim L. 1993 3 42 Marcel Dekker Inc. New York N.Y

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00652.x

10.1139/m96-087

Yool A. J. Block of the inactivating potassium channel by clofilium and hydroxylamine depends on the sequence of the pore region.Mol. Pharmacol.461994970976

10.1128/jb.175.9.2750-2753.1993

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07451.x

10.1016/0378-1119(93)90015-U

10.1128/aem.63.2.532-536.1997

10.1021/bi00203a022

Zhang J. H. U. Schairer W. Schnetter D. Lereclus and H. Agaisse. Bacillus popilliae cry18Aa operon is transcribed by Sigma E and Sigma K forms of RNA polymerase from a single initiation site. Nucleic Acids Res. in press.

10.1128/iai.61.12.4947-4954.1993