Azithromycin là gì? Các công bố khoa học về Azithromycin

Initial field malaria prophylaxis trials with azithromycin revealed insufficient efficacy against falciparum malaria to develop azithromycin as a single agent. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the best drug combination(s) to evaluate for future malaria treatment and prophylaxis field trials. In vitro, azithromycin was tested in combination with chloroquine against 10 representative Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Azithromycin was also assessed in combination with eight additional antimalarial agents against two or three multidrug-resistant P. falciparum isolates. Parasite susceptibility testing was carried out with a modification of the semiautomated microdilution technique. The incubation period was extended from the usual 48 h to 68 h. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC ₅₀ s) were calculated for each drug alone and for drugs in fixed combinations of their respective IC ₅₀ s (1:1, 3:1, 1:3, 4:1, 1:4, and 5:1). These data were used to calculate fractional inhibitory concentrations and isobolograms. Chloroquine-azithromycin studies revealed a range of activity from additive to synergistic interactions for the eight chloroquine-resistant isolates tested, while an additive response was seen for the two chloroquine-sensitive isolates. Quinine, tafenoquine, and primaquine were additive to synergistic with azithromycin, while dihydroartemisinin was additive with a trend toward antagonism. The remaining interactions appeared to be additive. These results suggest that a chloroquine-azithromycin combination should be evaluated for malaria prophylaxis and that a quinine-azithromycin combination should be evaluated for malaria treatment in areas of drug resistance.

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là xác định hoạt tính in vitro của azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR) và 20 chất kháng khuẩn khác chống lại Rhodococcus equi và các tác nhân gây bệnh vi khuẩn thường gặp ở ngựa khác. Tổng cộng 201 các chủng vi khuẩn từ nhiều mẫu lâm sàng ngựa khác nhau đã được kiểm tra. CLR hoạt động mạnh hơn AZM chống lại R. equi, với nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC) mà ở đó 90% các chủng bị ức chế là 0,12 và 1,0 μg/ml, tương ứng. Các chất kháng khuẩn khác có hoạt tính cao chống lại ít nhất 90% các chủng R. equi in vitro bao gồm rifampin, gentamicin và imipenem. Cả AZM và CLR đều cho thấy hoạt tính tốt đối với streptococci beta-hemolytic và Staphylococcus spp. AZM mạnh hơn các macrolides khác đối với Pasteurella spp. và Salmonella enterica.

Background: One‐stage full‐mouth disinfection (FMD), in which full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) is performed with adjunctive use of chlorhexidine, was introduced in 1995. There have been several reports on the effectiveness of this treatment protocol. However, FMD was reported to induce pyrexia frequently. We examined the effects of full‐mouth SRP in conjunction with azithromycin administered orally before SRP to control the number of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of full‐mouth SRP using azithromycin with conventional SRP.

Methods: Thirty‐four subjects (17 in the test group and 17 in the control group) with severe chronic periodontitis were selected. The subjects of the test group had azithromycin 3 days before full‐mouth SRP. Clinical parameters (probing depth [PD], gingival index [GI], bleeding on probing [BOP], and gingival crevicular fluid [GCF]), total number of bacteria, and number of black pigment‐producing rods (BPRs) were evaluated at baseline and 5, 13, and 25 weeks after baseline.

Results: All clinical parameters improved in the test group more than in the control group. In the bacteriologic examination, the total number of bacteria did not change during the examination. In the test group, BPRs were not detected until 13 weeks. However, BPRs were detected in the control group by 13 weeks.

Conclusion: It was shown that full‐mouth SRP using systemically administered azithromycin was a clinically and bacteriologically useful basic periodontal treatment for severe chronic periodontitis.