AbstractRecent research has pointed to a number of inherent disadvantages of unrotated principal components and empirical orthogonal functions when these techniques are used to depict individual modes of variation of data matrices in exploratory analyses. The various pitfalls are outlined and illustrated with an alternative method introdu...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractIn climate research it is important to have access to reliable data which are free from artificial trends or changes. One way of checking the reliability of a climate series is to compare it with surrounding stations. This is the idea behind all tests of the relative homogeneity. Here we will present a simple homogeneity test and apply it to a precipitation...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractMean annual dust storm frequencies are mapped for south‐west Asia (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India) showing areas of greatest activity in two regions: an area at the convergence of the borders of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan that comprises the Seistan Basin, Registan and north‐western Baluchistan; and the plains of Afghan Turkestan. The highest aver...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractA technique is described whereby sky view‐factors in urban locations can be estimated from graphs once azimuth and elevation angles of surrounding buildings are known. The graphs are easy to use and give results sufficiently accurate to enable their use when more elaborate computing or photographic equipment is unavailable.
AbstractA near continuous record of avalanche deaths in Norway is compiled for 130 years from 1855, and shows a distinct downward trend, but large variations from winter to winter, with a periodicity of 12–13 years. Twelve major avalanche winters are selected, and their synoptic climatology examined using Grosswetterlagen, an index of atmospheric circulation over s...... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractWithin the context of a 500 mb synoptic climatology, relationships between synoptic types and Pacific north‐west coast climatological regimes are investigated. Distinct fluctuations in thermal and moisture trends are identified for the winters of 1948‐1949 to 1977‐1978. Within any one of these climatological regimes, interannual variability in temperature a...... hiện toàn bộ