VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

This study describes clinical and subclinical features of 30 patients with airway foreign body at the Endoscopy Department, National Otorhinolaryngology Hospital of Vietnam from August 2018 to February 2020. The study results show that airway foreign body was commonly found in patients aged over 18 (43.33%); male-female ratio was 1.7:1; cough and shortness of breath were two common symptoms with 96.67% and 73.33%, respectively; penetration syndrome was the common clinical symptom with 93.33%; 20% of the airway foreign body cases were detected by X-ray; 100% of the airway foreign body cases were diagnosed by endoscopy; 53.33% of the cases were cured in one day; and 93.33% of the cases showed good treatment results. The study concludes that airway foreign bodies can be detected in all ages with more men than women; penetration syndrome with cough and shortness of breath suggests symptoms of airway foreign bodies; and endoscopy of bronchial airways is the leading method to diagnose and remove airway foreign bodies. Keywords Airway foreign body, clinical, subclinical. References [1] V.T. Quang, Otorhinorarynology Textbook, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2017 (in Vietnamese).[2] A.M. Salih, M. Alfaki and D.M. Alam-Elhuda, Airway foreign bodies: A critical review for a common pediatric emergency, National Central for Biotechnology Information, 2016, 7: 5-12. http://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920 8642.2016.01.001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786499/[3] D.D. Tuoc, Forgotten airway foreign body, The Second Degree Specialist Graduation Thesis, Hanoi Medical University, 1978 (in Vietnamese).[4] N.D. Khang, N.N. Lien, Airway foreign body cases in National Otorhinolarygology Hospital of Vietnam from 1998 to 2001, The Second Degree Specialist Graduation Thesis, Hanoi Medical University, 2001 (in Vietnamese).[5] V.L. Phuoc, Airway foreign bodies in Otorhinorarygology Department at Hue Central Hospital, The Second Degree Specialist Graduation Thesis, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2003 (in Vietnamese). [6] L.S. Can, P.K. Hoa, Airway foreign body, in: L.S. Can, Otorhinorarynology Emergency, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 1991, pp 32-38 (in Vietnamese).[7] C.Y. Chiu, K.S. Wong, S.H. Lai, S.H. Hsia, C.T.Wu. Factors predicting early diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in children. Polish Journal of Otolaryngology 21 (2005) 161–164. https://doi.org/10.5604/00306657.1184544      

Tóm tắtNghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tác dụng chống viêm cấp và mạn của hợp chất ent-7β-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl acetate (CT1) phân lập từ cây khổ sâm cho lá bằng các mô hình thực nghiệm. Ở mô hình gây phù bàn chân chuột cống bằng carrageenan, chất CT1 (liều uống 50 mg/kg/ngày) có tác dụng làm giảm phù bàn chân chuột 24,73% (p<0,05) tại thời điểm 5 giờ sau khi gây viêm. Trên mô hình đánh giá tác dụng làm giảm khối u mạn gây bằng bông trên chuột cống trắng, chất CT1 (liều uống 25 mg/kg/ngày) có tác dụng làm giảm khối lượng u hạt 24,67% (p<0,05). Các kết quả thu được chứng minh rằng chất CT1 có tác dụng chống viêm và gợi ý rằng đây có thể là hoạt chất của dược liệu khổ sâm cho lá khi sử dụng làm thuốc chống viêm, chống dị ứng trong y học dân gian.Nhận ngày 26 tháng 9 năm 2015, Chỉnh sửa ngày 21 tháng 11 năm 2015, Chấp nhận đăng ngày 05 tháng 12 năm 2016Từ khóa: Khổ sâm cho lá, chống viêm, ent-7β-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-18-yl acetate.

This paper studies the impact of weather on the number of under 15-year-old children hospitalized for pneumonia at Nghe An Pediatric Hospital using time series analysis of the data collected from 2015 to 2019. The study was carried out on 45,466 children, most of whom were under 16 years old. The study results show that there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between mean daily temperature and children’s hospitalization for pneumonia while humidity was positively correlated. Specifically, when the average daily temperature increased by 1 degree Celsius, the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia on the same day decreased by 1% (95% CI: 0.3 - 1.7%); whereas when the humidity increased, the risk of hospitalization increased by 14.4% (95% CI: 0.2 - 30.7%) on the day of hospitalization; risk increased by 16.5% (95% CI: 9.5 - 23.9%) one day before hospitalization; and risk increased by 15.2% (95% CI: 8.2 - 22.7%) two days before hospitalization. The results suggest that children are highly sensitive to weather factors, including temperature and humidity; therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect children against changing weather. Keywords Weather, pneumonia, children, effect. References [1] I. Rudan, et al., Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86(5) (2008) 408-416.[2] M. Harris, et al., British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update Thorax, 66 (2011) (Suppl 2): p. ii1.[3] Margolis, P. and A. Gadomski, The rational clinical examination. Does this infant have pneumonia? Jama 279(4) (1998) 308-13.[4] World Health Organization, Handbook : IMCI integrated management of childhood illness. 2005, World Health Organization: Geneva.[5] Sönke Kreft, David Eckstein, and Inga Melchior, Global Climate Risk Index 2017, Germanwatch Nord-Süd Initiative e.V.,.[6] Pham Khoi Nguyen, Vietnam's event about sea level rising and climate chang, 2009, Ministry of Natural resources and enviroment.[7] L.M.T. Luong, et al., Effects of temperature on hospitalisation among pre-school children in Hanoi, Vietnam, 26(3) (2019) 2603-2612.[8] D. Phung, et al., Temperature as a risk factor for hospitalisations among young children in the Mekong Delta area, Vietnam. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72(7) (2015) 529.[9] J. Gao, et al., Impact of ambient humidity on child health: a systematic review. PloS one 9(12) (2014) p. e112508-e112508.[10] Y. Liu, et al., Temporal relationship between hospital admissions for pneumonia and weather conditions in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis. BMJ Open, 4(7) (2014) p. e004961.[11] T. Egondi, et al., Time-series analysis of weather and mortality patterns in Nairobi's informal settlements. Global health action, 5 (2012) 23-32.[12] Leckebusch, G.C. and A.F. Abdussalam, Climate and socioeconomic influences on interannual variability of cholera in Nigeria. Health Place, 34 (2015) 107-17.        

In this study, six compounds isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Canna edulis Ker Gawl rhizomes for the first time include 24-methylenecycloartane-3β-ol, sitoindoside I, citrulloside, 16β-hydro-19-al-ent-kauran-17-oic acid, daucosterol, and β-sitosterol. Spectroscopic methods as MS and NMR were used to elucidate their structures. Keywords: Canna edulis Ker Gawl, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, sitoindoside I, citrulloside, 24-methylenecycloartane-3β-ol, 16β-hydro-19-al-ent-kauran-17-oic acid. References [1] T. H. Vu, Q. U. Le, Edible Canna (Canna edulis Ker), a Potential Crop for Vietnam Food Industry, Int. J. Bot, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2019, pp. 58-59.[2] A. S. A. Snafi, Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Effects of Canna indica - an Overview, Int. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., Vol. 5, No. 2, 2015, pp. 71-75.[3] N. Tanakar, The Utilization of Edible Canna Plants in Southeastern Asia and Southern China, Econ. Bot, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2004, pp. 112-114.[4] J. Zhang, W. Z. Wu, Q. Mi, Q, Phenolic Compounds from Canna edulis Ker Residue and Their Antioxidant Activity, LWT - Food Sci. Technol., Vol. 44, No. 10, 2011, pp. 2091-2096.[5] J. Zhang, W. Z. Wu, Soluble Dietary Fiber from Canna edulis Ker By-product and Its Physicochemical Properties, Carbohydr. Polym., No. 92, No. 1, 2013, pp. 289-296.[6] F. Xie, S. Gong, W. Zhan, J. Wu, Z. Wang, Potential of Lignin from Canna edulis Ker Residue in the Inhibition of α-d-glucosidase: Kinetics and Interaction Mechanism Merging with Docking Simulation, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., Vol. 95,No. 2017, pp. 592-602.[7] T. M. H. Nguyen, H. L. Le, T. T. Ha, B. H. Bui,N. T. Le, V. H. Nguyen, T. V. A. Nguyen, Inhibitory Effect on Human Platelet Aggregation and Coagulation and Antioxidant Activity of Canna edulis Ker Gawl Rhizhomes and Its Secondary Metabolites, J. Ethnopharmacol., Vol. 263, 2020, pp.113-136.[8] J. D. P. Teresa, J. G. Urones, J. S. Marcos,P. Basabe, M. J. S. Cuarado, R. F. Moro, Triterpenes from Euphorbia broteri, Phytochem, Vol. 26, 1987, pp. 1767-1776. [9] A. T. Nguyen, H. Malonne, P. Duez, R. V. Fastre, M. Vanhaelen, J. Fontaine, Cytotoxic Constituents from Plumbago zeylanica, Fitoterapia, Vol. 75,No. 5, 2004, pp. 500-504.[10] F. J. Momeni, S. F. Kimbu, B. L. Sondengam,M. T. H. Khan, M. I. Choundhary, A. U. Rahman, Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Activity from Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae), Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, Vol, 52, 2010, pp. 328-334.[11] Y. C. Wu, Y. C. Hung, F. R. Chang, M. Cosentino, H. K. Wang, K. H. Lee, Identification of ent-16β,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic Acid as an Anti-HIV Principle and Isolation of the New Diterpenoids Annosquamosins A and B from Annona squamosa. J. Nat. Prod., Vol. 59, No. 6, 1996, pp. 635-637.[12] F. R. Chang, P. Y. Yang, J. Y. Lin, K. H. Lee,Y. C. Wu, Bioactive Kaurane Diterpenoids from Annona glabra, J Nat Prod, Vol. 61, No. 4, 1998, pp. 437-439.[13] F. M., Moghaddam, M. Farimani, M. Amin, Chemical Constituents of Dichloromethane Extract of Cultivated Satureja khuzistanica. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., Vol. 4, No. 1, 2007, pp. 95-98.[14] Z. Sheng, Z. Dai, S. Pan, H. Wang, Y. Hu, W. Ma, Isolation and Characterization of an α-glucosidase Inhibitor from Musa spp. (Baxijiao) Flowers, Molecules, Vol. 19, No. 7, 2014, pp. 10563-10573.[15] E. Gupta, β-sitosterol: Predominant Phytosterol of Therapeutic Potential, Innova Food Tech, Vol. 32, 2020, pp. 465-477.[16] J. Zeng, X. Liu, X. Li, Y. Zheng, B. Liu, Y. Xiao, Daucosterol Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Wnt/ β-catenin Signaling,Molecules, Vol. 22, No. 2017, pp. 862.[17] K. H. Kuo, Y. T. Yeh, S. Y. Pan, S. C. Hsieh, Identification and Structural Elucidation of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Chinese Olive (Canarium Album L.) Fruit Extracts. Foods, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2019, pp. 441.  

This study develops the in-house specifications of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing rosuvastatin based on the following criteria: description, identification, droplet size (≤200 nm) and polydiversity index (not more than 0.3), drug proportion in the oil phase (≥ 90.0%), assay (≥ 95.0% and ≤105.0% of the labeled amount of rosuvastatin (C22H28FN3O6S). The criteria were validated and the results were suitable for identification and determination of rosuvastatin in SNEDDS. Additionally, the results of the stability study show that the rosuvastatin SNEDDS met the criteria of description, droplet size, PDI, assay and drug rate in the oil phase for 12-month storage under the long-term condition (12 months) and 6 months on accelerated condition. Keywords Rosuvastatin, SNEDDS, specification, droplet size, entrapment efficiency. References [1] A. Luvai, W. Mbagaya, A.S. Hall, I.H. Barth, Rosuvastatin: A Review of the Pharmacology and Clinical Effectiveness in Cardiovascular Disease, Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 6 (2012) 17–33. https://doi.org/10.4137/CMC.S4324. [2] K. Balakumar, C.V. Raghavan, N.T. Selvan, R.H. Prasad, S. Abdu, Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of Rosuvastatin calcium: Design, formulation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic evaluation, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 112 (2013) 337–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.025. [3] S. Elkadi, S. Elsamaligy, S. Al-Suwayeh, H. Mahmoud, The Development of Self-nanoemulsifying Liquisolid Tablets to Improve the Dissolution of Simvastatin, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists 18(7) (2017) 2586–2597. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0743-z. [4] D. Patel, K.K. Sawant, Self Micro-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: Formulation Development and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Lipophilic Drugs, Current Drug Delivery 6 (2009) 419–424. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720109789000519. [5] S.D. Maurya, R.K.K. Arya, G Rajpal, R.C. Dhakar, Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS): A review on physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical aspects, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 7(3) (2017) 55–65. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v7i3.1453.[6] P. Borman, D. Elder, Q2(R1) Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, in: A. Teasdale, D. Elder, R.W. Nims (Eds), ICH quality guidelines: an implementation guide, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, 2018, pp. 127-166. [7] United States Pharmacopoeia 41, rosuvastatin tablets monograph.          

Abstract: This study aimed to establish a reasonable population pharmacokinetic model for rifampicin taken orally by patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, estimate pharmacokinetic parameters as well as influencing covariates. Blood samples of patients were collected at day 10 – 14 after commencing treatment. Time – concentration data were handled using non-linear mixed-effect model with Monolix 2018. An one-compartment, linear elimination, absorption with transit compartments model was found to be the most suitable for rifampicin. Volume of distribution (33,5 L) and clearance (9,62 L) were found to be influenced by fat-free mass (calculated using Janmahasatian’s method). Absorption-related parameters (Ktr, mean transit time and Ka) were found to have high inter-individual variability. Keywords Rifampicin, population pharmacokinetics, pulmonary tuberculosis. References [1] Christian Lienhardt et al, Target regimen profiles for treatment of tuberculosis: a WHO document (2017).[2] J.G. Pasipanodya et al, Serum drug concentrations predictive of pulmonary tuberculosis outcomes, The Journal of infectious diseases 208(9) (2013) 1464-1473. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit352[3] Jonathan Reynolds, Scott K Heysell (2014), Understanding pharmacokinetics to improve tuberculosis treatment outcome, Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 10(6) (2014) 813-823. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2014.895813[4] E.F. Egelund, A.B. Barth, C.A. Peloquin (2011), Population pharmacokinetics and its role in anti-tuberculosis drug development and optimization of treatment, Current pharmaceutical design 17(27) (2017) 2889-2899. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211797470246.[5] J.F. Murray, D.E. Schraufnagel, P.C. Hopewell, Treatment of tuberculosis. A historical perspective, Annals of the American Thoracic Society 12(12) (2015) 1749-1759. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201509-632PS[6] K.E. Stott, et al, Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in adult TB patients and healthy volunteers: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73(9) (2018) 2305-2313. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky152.[7] Le Thi Luyen, Ta Manh Hung et al, Simultaneous Determination of Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid and Acetyl Isoniazid in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS Method, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 8(09) (2018) 061-073. https://doi.org/ 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8910.[8] M.T. Chirehwa et al, Model-based evaluation of higher doses of rifampin using a semimechanistic model incorporating autoinduction and saturation of hepatic extraction, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 60(1) (2016) 487-494. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01830-15.[9] Paolo Denti et al, A population pharmacokinetic model for rifampicin auto-induction, The 3rd international workshop on clinical pharmacology of TB drugs (2010).[10] Y. Jing et al, Population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in Chinese patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56(5) (2016) 622-627. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.643.[11] S.R.C. Milán et al, Population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in Mexican patients with tuberculosis, Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 38(1) (2013) 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12016.[12] Anushka Naidoo et al, Effects of genetic variability on rifampicin and isoniazid pharmacokinetics in South African patients with recurrent tuberculosis, Pharmacogenomics(00) (2013). https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2018-0166.[13] Neesha Rockwood et al, HIV-1 coinfection does not reduce exposure to rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in South African tuberculosis outpatients, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 60(10) (2016) 6050-6059. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00480-16.[14] Alessandro Schipani et al, A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis of rifampicin in Malawian adults and children, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 81(4) (2016) 679-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12848.[15] Kok-Yong Seng et al, Population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin and 25-deacetyl-rifampicin in healthy Asian adults, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 70(12) (2015) 3298-3306. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv268.[16] J.J. Wilkins et al, Population pharmacokinetics of rifampin in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, including a semimechanistic model to describe variable absorption, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 52(6) (2008)2138-2148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FAAC.00461-07.[17] Sylvain Goutelle et al, Population modeling and Monte Carlo simulation study of the pharmacokinetics and antituberculosis pharmacodynamics of rifampin in lungs, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 53(7) (2009) 2974-2981. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01520-08.[18] R.M. Savic et al, Implementation of a transit compartment model for describing drug absorption in pharmacokinetic studies, Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 34(5) (2007) 711-726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10928-007-9066-0.[19] B.J. Anderson, N.H.G. Holford, Mechanism-based concepts of size and maturity in pharmacokinetics, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol 48 (2008) 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094708.[20] Kok-Yong Seng et al, Population pharmacokinetic analysis of isoniazid, acetyl-isoniazid and isonicotinic acid in healthy volunteers, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, pp. AAC. (2015) 01244-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01244-15.[21] Sarayut Janmahasatian et al, Quantification of lean bodyweight, Clinical pharmacokinetics 44(10), (2005) 1051-1065. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200544100-00004.[22] Kidola Jeremiah et al, Nutritional supplementation increases rifampin exposure among tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 58(6) (2014) 3468-3474. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02307-13  

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection and accumulation of fluid in the middle ear. The disease that usually begins suddenly and is in the short duration, manifested by symptoms of ear pain, tinnitus, ear discharge or hearing loss. Objective: Description of clinical characteristics of acute otitis media in children at Hospital E from 2019-2020. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, included 40 patients, under 16 years old, diagnosed with AOM, treated at the Department of Otolaryngology in E Hospital from 2019 September to 2020 April. Results and discussions: Mild fever: 37.5%, moderate fever: 20%, high fever: 22.5%; Lateral otalgia accounted for 57.5%, bilateral otalgia accounted for 7.5%: No ear discharge 77.5%, ear discharge accounted for 22.5%; Symptoms are accompanied by cough 82.5%, excessive crying 65%, digestive disorders 30%; Conclusions: The main symptoms of the AOM are fever and otalgia. Accompanied by some extra-symptoms such as cough, excessive crying, digestive disorders.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 73 patients diagnosed with Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws (ORNJ), treated in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of  the National Hospital of Odonto – Stomatology to describe some criteria including clinical symptoms, radiographic images and related factors of ORNJ in these patients by consulting medical records and interviewing patients. The study results show that the majority of lesions presented in the mandible, particularly in the angle region. The prominent symptoms were deep pain, fistula, exposed necrotic bone, tingling and numbness in the lips and cheeks, and trimus. Radiographic feature was ill-defined cortical destruction without sequestration. The patients’ major oral health problems  were poor dental hygiene and periodontitis. The related factors were tooth extraction, non-standard dental prosthesis and even root canal treatment. Keywords: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws, clinical symptoms, radiography images, related factors. References [1] N. M. H. McLeod, M. C. Bater, P. A. Brennan, Management of Patients at Risk of Osteoradionecrosis: Results of Survey of Dentists and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Units in The United Kingdom, and Suggestions for Best Practice, British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2010, pp. 301-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.06.128.[2] S. Beaumont, N. Bhatia, L. McDowell et al., Timing of Dental Extractions in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and the Incidence of Osteoradionecrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 59, No. 5, 2021, pp. 511-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.10.006.[3] A. Chronopoulos, T. Zarra, M. Ehrenfeld, S. Otto, Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: Definition, Epidemiology, Staging and Clinical and Radiological Findings. A Concise Review, International Dental Journal, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2018, pp. 22-30, https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12318.[4] T. Reuther, T. Schuster, U. Mende, A. Kübler, Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws as a Side Effect of Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumour Patients – A Report of a Thirty Year Retrospective Review, International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2003, pp. 289-295, https://doi.org/10.1054/ijom.2002.0332.[5] J. Silvestre-Rangil, F. J. Silvestre, Clinico-therapeutic Management of Osteoradionecrosis: A Literature Review and Update, Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, Vol. 16, No. 7, 2011, pp. e900-904, https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17257.[6] S. M. Mallya, S. Tetradis, Imaging of Radiation- and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis, Radiologic Clinics of North America, Vol. 56, No. 1, 2018, pp. 77-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2017.08.006.[7] B. R. Goldwaser, S. K. Chuang, L. B. Kaban, M. August, Rick Factor Assessment for the Development of Osteoradionecrosis, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 65, No. 11, 2007, pp. 2311-2316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2007.05.021.[8] J. J. Thorn, H. S. Hansen, L. Specht, L. Bastholt, Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: Clinical Characteristics and Relation to the Field of Irradiation, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 58, No. 10, 2000, pp. 1088-1093, https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2000.9562.[9] I. J. Lee, W. S. Koom, C. G. Lee et al., Risk Factors and Dose-effect Relationship for Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis in Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients, International Journal of Radiation Oncology - Biology - Physics, Vol. 75, No. 4, 2009, pp. 1084-1091, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.052.[10] B. S. Raggio, R. Winters, Modern Management of Osteoradionecrosis, Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2018, pp. 254-259, https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000459.[11] K. Katsura, K. Sasai, K. Sato et al., Relationship Between Oral Health Status and Development of Osteoradionecrosis of the Mandible: a Retrospective Longitudinal Study, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, Vol. 105, No. 6, 2008, pp. 731-738, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.10.011.[12] H. Abed, M. Burke, S. Scambler et al., Denture Use and Osteoradionecrosis Following Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review, Gerodontology, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2020, pp. 102-109, https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12456.      

Abstract: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is a common disease, especially increasing in young people, and affects the quality of life. Clinical signs of TMDs are various and complex. Diagnosis of symptoms and prognosis is essential. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on 61 patients aged 19-23 who participated voluntarily from February to June 2022 at the Odonto-Stomatology clinic at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University. The results showed that the proportion of women with symptoms was higher than that of men. For the clinical symptoms, percentages of the limited range of mandibular movements and mouth gap deviation were quite high (77.0% and 68.9%, respectively). Joint sounds and arthralgia took 31.1% and 24.6%, while myalgia accounted for only 11.5%. In the joint, the pain was detected mainly on the outer surface of the joint (24.6%). In both genders, the masseter muscle was the most painful muscle group. Clinical symptoms are very important in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Keywords: Clinical signs, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, students.     

The population pharmacokinetic model of ethambutol with covariates was built from data from 136 pulmonary tuberculosis patients recruited from 3 hospitals: Hanoi Lung Hospital, Central Hospital 74, and Central Lung Hospital. Blood samples were obtained on the 10-14th day after initiation of treatment for plasma drug analysis by LC-MS/MS method. Time - concentration data were processed by the method of non-linear mixed effect modeling on MONOLIX 2021R1 software. The final population pharmacokinetic model is a two-compartment model, sequential zero (with prior lag time Tk01) followed by first-order absorption, and linear elimination. The volumes of distribution of the central and peripheral compartments were respectively 6.73 L and 1250 L; the clearance value Cl was 45.8 L/h. Janmahasatian’s Fat-free mass and age were found to be influential to the inter-individual variability of clearance.