First sequence of influenza D virus identified in poultry farm bioaerosols in Sarawak, MalaysiaTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 6 - Trang 1-4 - 2020
Emily S. Bailey, Jane K. Fieldhouse, Natalie A. Alarja, David D. Chen, Maria E. Kovalik, Juliana N. Zemke, Jessica Y. Choi, Laura K. Borkenhagen, Teck-Hock Toh, Jeffrey Soon Yit Lee, Kuek-Sen Chong, Gregory C. Gray
In 2018, our team collected aerosols samples from five poultry farms in Malaysia. Influenza D virus was detected in 14% of samples. One sample had an 86.3% identity score similar to NCBI accession number MH785020.1. This is the first molecular sequence of influenza D virus detected in Southeast Asia from a bioaerosol sample. Our findings indicate that further study of role of IDV in poultry is necessary.
Phân tích hiện tượng về việc trở về quê hương trong các du khách quốc tế gốc Caribbean - Mỹ Dịch bởi AI Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 1 - Trang 1-9 - 2015
Koya C. Allen
Trong đánh giá về rủi ro sức khỏe khi du lịch, trạng thái du lịch thăm bạn bè và người thân (VFR) thường được sử dụng như một chỉ số cho hành vi du lịch có rủi ro cao. Du khách VFR được liên kết với nguy cơ cao hơn về bệnh tật liên quan đến du lịch do việc tuân thủ kém các hướng dẫn du lịch và thiếu tư vấn sức khỏe trước khi đi. Đối với du khách đến các khu vực lưu hành bệnh sốt dengue, các hướng dẫn bao gồm việc tuân thủ các biện pháp tránh muỗi (MAP). Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là hiểu ý nghĩa của trải nghiệm du lịch về quê hương đối với các du khách VFR là người nhập cư và thế hệ đầu tiên (first generation) người Mỹ tại Hoa Kỳ (US). Một nghiên cứu hiện tượng học đã được thực hiện trên du khách VFR để xác định các yếu tố xã hội và môi trường vật lý liên quan đến hành vi sức khỏe trong du lịch và xác định cách mà việc 'trở về nhà' ảnh hưởng đến việc tuân thủ các khuyến nghị phòng ngừa sốt dengue. Lấy mẫu có mục đích đã xác định các tham gia cho các cuộc phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc về hành vi du lịch với việc thu thập và phân tích dữ liệu lặp đi lặp lại cho đến khi dữ liệu đạt ngưỡng bão hòa. Các cuộc phỏng vấn đã tiết lộ năm chủ đề định nghĩa trải nghiệm trở về nhà: sự kết nối; khả năng kiểm soát trải nghiệm; hai trải nghiệm khác nhau khi ở nhà; thấy được những gì quê hương có thể cung cấp; và không nơi nào bằng nhà. Hơn nữa, nhận thức về rủi ro sức khỏe và các rủi ro bệnh tật tại điểm đến du lịch đã ảnh hưởng đến hành vi du lịch và sự tuân thủ các hướng dẫn. Trạng thái du lịch VFR không hoàn toàn phản ánh trải nghiệm du lịch quốc tế. Hành vi liên quan đến khái niệm nổi lên về Sự Nhúng Văn Hóa (Cultural Embeddedness) khi trở về nhà và đến các điểm đến mới. Cần có thêm nghiên cứu để cải thiện thuật ngữ cho các đánh giá rủi ro sức khỏe du lịch nhằm cải thiện các chiến lược phòng ngừa cho các du khách VFR.
#du lịch thăm bạn bè và người thân; rủi ro sức khỏe du lịch; sốt dengue; sự nhúng văn hóa; hành vi du lịch; nghiên cứu hiện tượng học
Assessment of the agreement between the Framingham and DAD risk equations for estimating cardiovascular risk in adult Africans living with HIV infection: a cross-sectional studyTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 3 - Trang 1-8 - 2017
Steve Raoul Noumegni, Vicky Jocelyne Moor Ama, Felix K. Assah, Jean Joel Bigna, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Jenny Arielle M. Kameni, Jean-Claude Katte, Mesmin Y. Dehayem, Andre Pascal Kengne, Eugene Sobngwi
The Absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk evaluation using multivariable CVD risk models is increasingly advocated in people with HIV, in whom existing models remain largely untested. We assessed the agreement between the general population derived Framingham CVD risk equation and the HIV-specific Data collection on Adverse effects of anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) CVD risk equation in HIV-infected adult Cameroonians. This cross-sectional study involved 452 HIV infected adults recruited at the HIV day-care unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. The 5-year projected CVD risk was estimated for each participant using the DAD and Framingham CVD risk equations. Agreement between estimates from these equations was assessed using the spearman correlation and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The mean age of participants (80% females) was 44.4 ± 9.8 years. Most participants (88.5%) were on antiretroviral treatment with 93.3% of them receiving first-line regimen. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were abdominal obesity (43.1%) and dyslipidemia (33.8%). The median estimated 5-year CVD risk was 0.6% (25th-75th percentiles: 0.3-1.3) using the DAD equation and 0.7% (0.2-2.0) with the Framingham equation. The Spearman correlation between the two estimates was 0.93 (p < 0.001). The kappa statistic was 0.61 (95% confident interval: 0.54-0.67) for the agreement between the two equations in classifying participants across risk categories defined as low, moderate, high and very high. Most participants had a low-to-moderate estimated CVD risk, with acceptable level of agreement between the general and HIV-specific equations in ranking CVD risk.
Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysisTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 7 Số 1 - 2021
Habtye Bisetegn, Tegegne Eshetu, Yonas Erkihun
Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by mainly Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma hematobium. The disease is very common in Africa including Ethiopia. Schistosoma mansoni is a major public health problem in Ethiopia especially among children. This review is aimed to indicate the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among children at the national and regional levels.
Methods and material
The PRISMA guidelines were followed. An electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google search were carried out using key terms. Articles published from the proceeding of professional associations such as the Ethiopian medical laboratory association, the Ethiopian public health association, and annual national research conferences were also searched to find additional eligible studies. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and cross-checked by a third reviewer. The quality of included studies was assessed using JBI quality assessment criteria. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel and finally analyzed using STATA version 12. The pooled prevalence was done using a random-effects model.
Result
Overall 49 studies involving 20,493 children (10,572 male and 9, 921 females) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection was 37.13% (95%CI:30.02–44.24). High heterogeneity was observed with I2 of 99.4%, P < 0.000. According to subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence was high in the SNNPR (41.49%: 95%CI: 19.52–63.46) followed by the Amhara region (41.11%: 95%CI: 30.41–51.8), the Tigray region (31.40%: 95%CI:11.72–51.09), and the Oromia region (28.98%: 95%CI: 18.85–39.1). Year from 2011 to 2015 contributed to the highest prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children (46.31%: 95%:34.21–59.05).
Conclusion
This study revealed a 37.13% prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among children. This is an alert to improve and implement appropriate control strategies such as mass drug administration in Ethiopia.
A phase II clinical trial of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy Indonesian adolescents and adults: one-month evaluation of safety and immunogenicityTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 10 - Trang 1-6 - 2024
Sukamto Koesnoe, Bernie Endyarni Medise, Iris Rengganis, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Mita Puspita, Rini Mulia Sari, Jae Seung Yang, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Soedjatmiko, Hartono Gunardi, Rini Sekartini, Angga Wirahmadi, Aria Kekalih, Sreshta Mukhi, Hindra Irawan Satari, Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar
Typhoid fever is commonly found until today, especially in developing countries. It has fatal complications and measures must be taken to reduce the incidence of typhoid. Vaccinations are a key factor in prevention. This is a phase II randomized observer-blind clinical trial on a novel Vi-DT conjugate vaccine on 200 subjects 12 to 40 years of age. Subjects were screened for eligibility after which a blood sample was taken and one dose of vaccine was administered. Investigational vaccine used was Vi-DT and control was Vi-PS. Twenty-eight days after vaccination, subjects visited for providing blood sample to assess immunogenicity and were asked about local and systemic adverse reactions that occurred in the first 28 days. Subjects had minor adverse reactions. Pain was the most common local reaction. Muscle pain was the most common systemic reaction. There were no serious adverse events up to 28 days post vaccination. Seroconversion rates were 100% in the Vi-DT group and 95.96% in the Vi-PS group. Post vaccination GMTs were increased in both groups but it was significantly higher in the Vi-DT group (p < 0.001). Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy Indonesian subjects 12 to 40 years. Approved by ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03460405. Registered on 09/03/2018. URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03460405
.
A review of antibiotic prophylaxis for traveler’s diarrhea: past to presentTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 4 - Trang 1-8 - 2018
Ajib Diptyanusa, Thundon Ngamprasertchai, Watcharapong Piyaphanee
As there is rapid increase in international travel to tropical and subtropical countries, there will likely be more people exposed to diarrheal pathogens in these moderate to high risk areas and subsequent increased concern for traveler’s diarrhea. The disease may appear as a mild clinical syndrome, yet a more debilitating presentation can lead to itinerary changes and hospitalization. As bacterial etiologies are the most common causative agents of TD, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent TD has been reported among travelers for several years. The most common type of antibiotic used for TD has changed over 50 years, depending on many influencing factors. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for TD prevention in travelers is still controversial, mainly because of difficulties balancing the risks and benefits. Many factors, such as emerging drug resistance, side effects, cost and risk behavior need to be considered. This article aims to review antibiotic prophylaxis from the 1950s to 2000s, to describe the trend and reasons for different antibiotic use in each decade. We conclude that prophylactic antibiotics should be restricted to some high-risk travelers or short-term critical trips.
Advising the immunocompromised traveller: a review of immunocompromise at The London Hospital for Tropical Diseases Travel Clinic between 1st April 2019 and 30th April 2020Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 10 Số 1
E. S. de Beer, Humayra Chowdhury, Bernadette Carroll, Akish Luintel, Christoffer van Tulleken, Nicky Longley
Abstract
Background
Immunocompromised travellers (ICTs) face greater infectious and non-infectious travel-associated risks than their immunocompetent counterparts. Increasing travel and emergence of novel immunosuppressants poses great challenges for travel medicine practitioners to confidently provide up-to-date evidence-based risk management advice and pre-travel care for ICTs.
Methods
We reviewed the records of ICTs attending the London Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) Travel Clinic between 1st April 2019 and 30th April 2020 with the aim to describe demographic and travel characteristics, type, and severity of immunocompromise, the degree of risk associated with intended travel and evaluate travel advice.
Results
Of the 193 ICTs identified, immunocompromise was due to physiological reasons (42%), chronic infection (17.1%) and immunosuppressive therapy (16.6%). Median age was 38 (range 9 months to 84 years) and male to female ratio 0.75 (83:110). Travel was intended to 80 countries for a median of 16 days (range 2 to 3167), predominantly for leisure (53%), non-medical work (17%) and visiting friends and relatives (12%). Live vaccine safety dominated discussion in the pre-travel consultation. Existing guidelines arguably fell short in dealing with travel risks associated with hyper-specific conditions, targeted immunosuppressants and non-vaccine preventable infections.
Conclusions
Our cohort represents a wide spectrum of immunocompromise, for whom we arguably need more measurable ways to approach travel-associated risks. We propose prospective qualitative participatory research to inform our unit of the priorities of ICTs in the pre-travel consultation. We further recommend the formation of a repository of specialists and formulary of complex cases to direct subsequent informative systematic review and prospective risk studies.
Travel risk behaviors as a determinants of receiving pre-travel health consultation and preventionTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 1 - Trang 1-8 - 2015
Ibrahim Shady, Mohammed Gaafer, Lamiaa Bassiony
An estimated 30-60 % of travelers experience an illness while traveling. The incidence of travel-related illness can be reduced by preventive measures such as those provided by the Traveler Health Clinic (THC) in Kuwait. The present study is an analytical comparative study between groups of travelers visiting the THC during the study period (May 2009 – December 2010) and an age- and gender-matched control group of non-visitors (800 people). Both groups completed a modified pre-departure questionnaire. Bivariate analysis revealed that Kuwaitis (68.2 %), those traveling for work (25.3 %) or leisure (59.5 %), those living in camps (20.4 %) or hotels (64.0 %), and those with knowledge of the THC from the media (28.1 %) or other sources (57.3 %), were more likely to be associated with a high frequency of visits to the THC (p < 0.001). Additionally, travelers heading to Africa (47 %) and South America (10 %) visited the THC more than did others (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that nationality, followed by purpose of travel, duration of stay, and choice of travel destination are independent predictors of receiving pre-travel consultation from the THC. Nationality, purpose of travel, length of stay, and travel destination are predictors for receiving a pre-travel consultation from the THC.
Review: chronic and persistent diarrhea with a focus in the returning travelerTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines - Tập 3 - Trang 1-17 - 2017
Christopher A. Duplessis, Ramiro L. Gutierrez, Chad K. Porter
Travelers’ diarrhea is a common malady afflicting up to 50% of travelers after a 2-week travel period. An appreciable percentage of these cases will become persistent or chronic. We summarized the published literature reporting persistent/chronic diarrhea in travelers elucidating current understanding of disease incidence, etiology and regional variability. We searched electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane database of clinical trials) from 1990 to 2015 using the following terms: “chronic or persistent diarrh* and (returning) travel* or enteropathogen, GeoSentinel, and travel-associated infection. Included studies published in the English language on adult returning travelers (duration < 3-months) reporting denominator data. Point estimates and standard 95% confidence intervals were calculated for incidence using a random-effects model. Study incidence heterogeneity rates were assessed using x
2 heterogeneity statistics, graphically represented with Forest plots. We identified 19 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (all published after 1999). 18 studies reported upon the incidence of persistent/chronic diarrhea as a syndromic diagnosis in returning travelers; one study reported adequate denominator data from which to assess pathogen specific etiology. Giardiasis comprise an appreicaible percentage of infectious mediated persistent/chronic diarrhea in returning travelers. The overall estimate of persistent/chronic diarrhea incidence was 6% (0.05–0.07) in 321,454, travelers; with significant heterogeniety observed across regions. The total number of regional travelers, and point estimates for incidence (95% CI) for Latin American, African, and Asian travelers were [15816 (0.09 [0.07–0.11]), 42290 (0.06 [0.05–0.07]), and 27433 (0.07 [0.06–0.09])] respectively. We identified lower published rates of chronic diarrhea from Sub-Saharan Africa relative to [North Africa, South Central Asia, and Central America]. Persistent/chronic diarrhea ranked fourth as a syndromic diagnosis in all regions. Persistent/Chronic diarrhea is a leading syndromic diagnosis in returning travelers across all regions. The 6% incidence [proportionate morbidity (PM) of 60] observed in over >300,000 global travelers is comparable to prior estimates. We identified lower published rates of chronic diarrhea from Sub-Saharan Africa relative to [North Africa, South Central Asia, and Central America]. Giardiasis comprises an appreciabile percentatge of travel-associated infectious mediated persistent/chronic diarrhea. There’s a dearth of published data characterizing the incidence of specific enteropathogenic etiologies for persistent/chronic diarrhea in returning travelers.
