The VMOST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

This article provides the practice of primary teachers’ awareness of happy schools through a survey questionnaire based on 22 items from the UNESCO criteria on happy schools. Their opinions were shared after a number of workshop activities that teach the practice of happy schools in Quan Hoa primary school, Cau Giay district, Hanoi. To add more research detail, the authors performed an indepth interview with the vice principal. The research results showed that primary teachers’ awareness was at a good level (100% agreed). Twenty-seven teachers in this workshop gave a detailed and reflective explanation of happy schools. Then, the authors provided a number of suggestions to spread the idea of happy schools in practice, within primary schools in particular, and for all schools in general, according to the UNESCO items, which are on the move in regulations and curricula at the Bureau of Education and Training of Hanoi these days, especially in the context of the 2018 National Education Curriculum implemented since the 2020-2021 school year.

The economic reform in 1986 transformed Vietnam from a centrally planned economy to a socialist- oriented market economy. It is suggested that entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial spirits within the populace fuelled the structural changes. Despite the importance of entrepreneurship in Vietnam’s economy, studies in Vietnam mainly focus on the practical aspects of entrepreneurial activities and neglect the cognitive and theoretical aspects of entrepreneurship. Thus, this study employs the information-processing perspective of the Mindsponge Theory to explore how entrepreneurs’ knowledge accumulation affects their perceived likelihood of business success. By analysing a comprehensive dataset of Vietnamese entrepreneurship using Bayesian methods, our findings reveal that entrepreneurs with significant business-related experience have higher probabilities of success. Additionally, a greater willingness/readiness to transform thinking, actions, and beliefs can improve the business success of entrepreneurs who carefully study others’ failures. However, for those who perceive learning from others’ failures as unnecessary, a higher willingness/readiness to transform diminishes their chance of success. We recommend a balanced approach: entrepreneurs should build their knowledge pool through experience, learning, and open-mindedness. A sufficient pool of knowledge can empower Vietnamese entrepreneurs, enabling them to make informed decisions, foster innovation, and contribute substantially to the nation’s entrepreneurial landscape.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has experienced four coronavirus waves. While the government was able to bring the first three outbreaks under control, the fourth outbreak has been causing rampant health, economic, and social problems in Vietnam. This study contributes to the literature by conducting a systematic and critical analysis on how the Vietnamese government responds to the COVID-19 pandemic. We review a large number of policy documents issued by the central and provincial authorities over a two-year period from January 2020 to March 2022. Early success in pandemic control can be attributed to proactive communication to raise public awareness, strong contact tracing technology, and timely public health and economic policy measures. In response to the low national vaccination rate, which is a focal point during the fourth outbreak, the government proactively engages in diplomacy with other countries to take advantage of vaccine support and to set up the Vaccine Fund to secure and mobilize financial resources from the private sector to fund various vaccine activities including procurement, rollout, and research and development for domestic production. Vaccine diplomacy and the establishment of the Vaccine Fund represents a turning point in the pandemic campaign and demonstrates that Vietnam is capable of applying the formula of Vaccine + the 5 Ks: Khẩu trang (face mask), Khoảng cách (keeping a safe distance), Khử khuẩn (disinfection), Không tập trung đông người (do not gather in crowded places), and Khai báo y tế (health declaration), which gives Vietnam the best chance to vanquish COVID-19 in the long term. This paper also finds that the Vietnamese government has effectively controlled the pandemic by leveraging and harnessing public trust and upholding traditional cultural values. The lessons drawn from policy responses and the Vaccine Fund in Vietnam, as a lower-middle-income country, serve as a useful COVID-19 reference for other developing countries.

Smart factories have demonstrated the effectiveness in leading technological trends and enhancing social production efficiency. Consequently, smart factories have attracted the attention of not only business owners and policymakers but also scholars in many fields of research. However, the conception of a smart factory varies significantly depending on the approaches. This discrepancy translates into a notable divergence in creating a development strategy for a smart factory, encompassing aspects such as technology selection for investment, the enhancement of human resource strategies, and the overall development strategy for the entire enterprise. Furthermore, this disparity poses challenges in proposing a consistent science and technology policy to promote the trend of intelligent production. To address these shortcomings, the authors conducted an exhaustive literature review of published works on smart factories to establish a comprehensive concept and delineate the primary characteristics of smart factories, providing a fundamental framework for strategic planning and investment policies. This research offers a foundation for formulating a set of criteria to assess the intelligence of manufacturing factories.

Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) is currently facing a critical problem of the uncontrollable municipal solid waste (MSW). The most common waste disposal practice in the city is landfilling, but this is not a sustainable solution. From 2010 to 2022, the amount of waste generated has increased annually, from 6,000 tons/ day to 9,200 tons/day, with an average growth rate of 6-8% per year. This study calculated the average emission factor of various districts in the city such as districts 1, 3, etc. at 0.83 kg/capita/day and district Binh Chanh, Cu Chi, etc. at 0.73 kg/capita/day and forecasted that the amount of waste will reach approximately 16,100 tons/day by 2050. Currently, 80-90% of collected MSW is landfilled, while only 10% is recycled. Composting and energy recovery practices are rarely used. This paper reviewed the current solid waste practice in HCMC and proposed four management scenarios to develop a sustainable solid waste management system. The first scenario is landfilling, which involves non-segregated waste disposal at the source. The second scenario is recycling, which involves segregating waste at the source for recycling, reuse, and waste reduction. The third scenario is composting, which requires using a mechanical- biological treatment plant for sorting, composting, and producing fuel from waste. The fourth scenario is waste-to-energy, which uses a waste incineration plant to generate energy from waste.

Funan (Phu Nam) is a historical entity that existed during the first seven centuries CE and left a tremendous cultural heritage. For different reasons, many historical aspects of this kingdom remain unexplored. For a long time, it was studied mainly through scattered and sketchy records collected from ancient Chinese bibliographies. Only after the archaeological discovery of the Oc Eo by Louis Malleret did the historical understanding of the Funan kingdom become fuller. However, due to the war, the research was unable to progress further. After 1975, Funan was revived mainly within circles of archaeological studies. Using novel archaeological evidence, this article reconstructs the lives of Funan inhabitants. It sees Oc Eo as a culture of indigenous origin with a community speaking MalayoPolynesian languages. It also shows that the Oc Eo indigenous culture had lasting vitality. Despite the fact that the Funan state collapsed in the seventh century, archaeological evidence demonstrates many of its cultural traditions preserved and developed by later southern communities.

Chúng tôi chế tạo thiết bị tích hợp các cảm biến, vi điều khiển và công nghệ IoT (Internet of Things) gồm các module cảm biến kết nối WiFi với module trung tâm để giám sát vi khí hậu như nhiệt độ, độ ẩm, ánh sáng trong nhà màng. Thiết bị được chuẩn với thiết bị công nghiệp đảm bảo độ chính xác cao. Ngoài chức năng giám sát từ xa, thiết bị có thể kích hoạt thiết bị như quạt, hệ phun sương từ xa điều khiển vi khí hậu. Hệ thống có thể lưu trữ số liệu lên điện toán đám mây của server Thingspeak phục vụ cho đào tạo và nghiên cứu.

Trách nhiệm mở rộng của nhà sản xuất (EPR) đóng vai trò như một công cụ chính sách, đảm bảo rằng các nhà sản xuất và nhập khẩu của các sản phẩm cụ thể chịu trách nhiệm cho việc thu gom, tái chế và xử lý sau khi tiêu thụ, từ đó giảm bớt gánh nặng tài chính công về quản lý chất thải đồng thời nâng cao tỷ lệ tái chế. Việc đăng ký, một thành phần thiết yếu của các hệ thống EPR, biểu thị việc xác định các nhà sản xuất và nhập khẩu bắt buộc, cũng như việc thu thập dữ liệu bán hàng cho các sản phẩm thuộc EPR. Các chức năng chính của cơ sở đăng ký bao gồm: xác định các nhà sản xuất và nhập khẩu có nghĩa vụ EPR; báo cáo dữ liệu tổng hợp; và giám sát việc tuân thủ của các nhà sản xuất và nhập khẩu trong việc thực hiện các trách nhiệm mở rộng của họ. Bài viết này tổng hợp những kinh nghiệm của một số quốc gia liên quan đến tổ chức và quản lý các cơ quan đăng ký cho các nhà sản xuất và nhập khẩu bao bì, đưa ra những khuyến nghị tiềm năng cho Việt Nam.

To achieve herd immunity against COVID-19, the willingness of residents to get vaccinated and successful vaccination policies go hand in hand. This paper aims to understand the perceptions, acceptance, hesitation, and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines in Nghe An, Vietnam. The authors used an online survey to collect data during March of 2021. The Bayesian regression model (BRM) was used to identify the factors affecting vaccination decisions. The empirical results show that respondents’ livelihoods were considerably affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a subtle difference in COVID-19 impacts on the lives of urban residents and their rural counterparts. In addition, respondents reported an overall positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination in which 84.28% were willing to get vaccinated, 14.85% were hesitant, and 0.87% refused vaccination. Their vaccination decisions were associated with vaccine side effects, information, income, job type, gender, and trust in government. Our findings offer policy implications for devising strategies for vaccine distribution in the study area and beyond.

Adaptation to climate change is an urgent task not only on a national level but for all nations around the world. Within Vietnam, the Son La province has emerged as a successful example of cooperative development. This study aims to confirm the role of agricultural cooperatives in climate change adaptation in order to provide recommendations to cooperative developments as solutions in environmental protection. Based on the concepts of climate change adaptation in updated reports from the Vietnam National Determination Contribution in 2020, this study applies diagnostic and cause-effect analysis to concentrate on highlighting contents and pointing out evidence of Son La cooperatives’ roles. The findings show that these cooperatives have significant responsibilities in the orientation of green and safe production, and strongly contribute to reducing negative activities that destroy agricultural ecology. Additionally, cooperatives are also effective actors in linking officers and farmers in the implementation of environmental protections and are leading applicants of solutions for mitigation and adaptation to climate change in rural areas and in agricultural production.