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Quintupling the speed of the PDP-8 DF32 disk system for real-time use
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 3 - Trang 92-94 - 1971
The author has noted some inefficiencies in the operation of the DF32 hardware/software disk system on the PDP-8. While such inefficiencies are not significant when the disk is used only as a store for programs which are called into core from the keyboard, they become important when the disk is used as a real-time backup for core. This paper isolates some of the problems, gives rules for avoiding them, and then describes how the system software was modified to obey these rules. The speed of the modified system is noticeable even when SAVEing and CALLing programs from the keyboard; successive blocks can be transferred between disk and core in one-fifth the previously required time.
“3-D”: An interactive computer-graphics program for plotting scores on three coordinate axes
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 9 - Trang 539-540 - 1977
The failing measurement of attitudes: How semantic determinants of individual survey responses come to replace measures of attitude strength
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 50 - Trang 2345-2365 - 2018
The traditional understanding of data from Likert scales is that the quantifications involved result from measures of attitude strength. Applying a recently proposed semantic theory of survey response, we claim that survey responses tap two different sources: a mixture of attitudes plus the semantic structure of the survey. Exploring the degree to which individual responses are influenced by semantics, we hypothesized that in many cases, information about attitude strength is actually filtered out as noise in the commonly used correlation matrix. We developed a procedure to separate the semantic influence from attitude strength in individual response patterns, and compared these results to, respectively, the observed sample correlation matrices and the semantic similarity structures arising from text analysis algorithms. This was done with four datasets, comprising a total of 7,787 subjects and 27,461,502 observed item pair responses. As we argued, attitude strength seemed to account for much information about the individual respondents. However, this information did not seem to carry over into the observed sample correlation matrices, which instead converged around the semantic structures offered by the survey items. This is potentially disturbing for the traditional understanding of what survey data represent. We argue that this approach contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive processes involved in survey responses. In turn, this could help us make better use of the data that such methods provide.
The sampling precision of research in five major areas of psychology
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 51 - Trang 2039-2058 - 2018
After obtaining a sample of published, peer-reviewed articles from journals with high and low impact factors in social, cognitive, neuro-, developmental, and clinical psychology, we used a priori equations recently derived by Trafimow (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 831–854, 2017; Trafimow & MacDonald in Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 204–219, 2017) to compute the articles’ median levels of precision. Our findings indicate that developmental research performs best with respect to precision, whereas cognitive research performs the worst; however, none of the psychology subfields excelled. In addition, we found important differences in precision between journals in the upper versus lower echelons with respect to impact factors in cognitive, neuro-, and clinical psychology, whereas the difference was dramatically attenuated for social and developmental psychology. Implications are discussed.
Simultaneous switching of auditory transients For two-channel presentation
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 1 - Trang 149-150 - 1968
A modification of the Grason-Stadler Series 829 D&E Electronic Switches that enables simultaneous cross-channel presentation of auditory signals at the two ears is described.
Dự Án Từ Điển Tiếng Anh Dịch bởi AI
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 39 - Trang 445-459 - 2007
Dự Án Từ Điển Tiếng Anh là một nỗ lực đa trường đại học nhằm cung cấp một bộ dữ liệu tiêu chuẩn về hành vi và mô tả cho 40,481 từ và 40,481 từ không có nghĩa. Dữ liệu có sẵn qua Internet tại elexicon.wustl.edu. Dữ liệu từ 816 người tham gia đến từ sáu trường đại học đã được thu thập trong một nhiệm vụ quyết định từ vựng (khoảng 3400 phản hồi mỗi người tham gia), và dữ liệu từ 444 người tham gia đã được thu thập trong một nhiệm vụ đặt tên nhanh (khoảng 2500 phản hồi mỗi người tham gia). Bài báo này mô tả động lực cho dự án này, các phương pháp được sử dụng để thu thập dữ liệu, và công cụ tìm kiếm cho phép truy cập vào các thước đo hành vi và thống kê từ vựng mô tả cho các kích thích này.
#Dự Án Từ Điển Tiếng Anh #dữ liệu từ vựng #nghiên cứu hành vi #thống kê từ vựng
The Free-movement pattern Y-maze: A cross-species measure of working memory and executive functionAbstract
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2021
Numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are associated with deficits in executive functions such as working memory and cognitive flexibility. Progress in developing effective treatments for disorders may benefit from targeting these cognitive impairments, the success of which is predicated on the development of animal models with validated behavioural assays. Zebrafish offer a promising model for studying complex brain disorders, but tasks assessing executive function are lacking. The Free-movement pattern (FMP) Y-maze combines aspects of the common Y-maze assay, which exploits the inherent motivation of an organism to explore an unknown environment, with analysis based on a series of sequential two-choice discriminations. We validate the task as a measure of working memory and executive function by comparing task performance parameters in adult zebrafish treated with a range of glutamatergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic drugs known to impair working memory and cognitive flexibility. We demonstrate the cross-species validity of the task by assessing performance parameters in adapted versions of the task for mice and
Low-cost equipment for schedule generation: II. Time-dependent schedules
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 - Trang 29-32 - 1978
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic provides an efficient and convenient technology for the generation of schedules of reinforcement. A single circuit provides a module capable of use as either a fixed-interval timer or one generating a differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule. A second circuit provides for a programmable variable-interval generator with 16 independent intervals. Both modules are fully compatible with previously described circuits for ratio schedules.
A satellite system for controlling real-time experiments
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 264-271 - 1982
In this paper, we describe a computer system for controlling real-time psychology experiments. We begin by considering the kinds of experiments that are performed in our laboratory and examining the hardware and software requirements of these experiments. We then review various systems along a continuum ranging from general-purpose timesharing systems to stand-alone dedicated processors. The capabilities of these systems are described in comparison with our requirements. The features of the PARASITE-FS system are then described. This host-satellite system includes a local file system and monitor program, real-time device drivers with flexible interrupt processing capabilities, user-level routines for controlling the real-time devices, and a package for controlling the timing of experimental events.
The Tapping Assay: A Simple Method to Induce Fear Responses in Zebrafish
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 54 - Trang 2693-2706 - 2021
The zebrafish is increasingly employed in behavioral neuroscience as a translationally relevant model organism for human central nervous system disorders. One of the most prevalent CNS disorders representing an unmet medical need is the disorder cluster defined under the umbrella term anxiety disorders. Zebrafish have been shown to respond to a variety of anxiety and fear inducing stimuli and have been suggested for modeling human anxiety. Here, we describe a simple method with which we intend to induce fear/anxiety responses in this species. The method allows us to deliver a visual and lateral line stimulus (vibration or “tapping”) to the fish with the use of a moving object, a ball colliding with the side glass of the experimental tank. We describe the hardware construction of the apparatus and the procedure of the behavioral paradigm. We also present data on how zebrafish respond to the tapping. Our results demonstrate that the method induces significant fear/anxiety responses. We argue that the simplicity of the method and the efficiency of the paradigm should make it popular among those who plan to use zebrafish as a tool in anxiety research.
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