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A case of large spontaneous splenorenal (S-R) shunt accompanied with splenic artery aneurysm is reported in this paper. The large blood vessel, a shunt, anatomizing the splenic vein and left renal vein is macroscopically found during the autopsy of a 71-year-old male, accompanied with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly. Though there are many reports demonstrating medical imaging, anatomical findings are relatively poor besides describing and illustrating the appearances of the S-R shunt, the splenic artery aneurysm and related branches of the splenic vein and left renal vein, the embryologic and pathogenetic origins of these anomalies are also discussed with the description of the relationship between the S-R shunt and the splenic artery aneurysm.

To assess the frequency and anatomic distributions of the posterior accessory great saphenous vein of the leg (PAGSVL) and its insufficiency rate using ultrasonography (US) in patients who presented with clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic (CEAP) scores of 1 and above. A prospective US study on 200 limbs of 100 consecutive patients with CEAP scores of 1 and above. Right PAGSVL was seen in 45 % (45 cases), whereas left PAGSVL was seen in 54 % (54 cases) of the patients [49.5 % (99 limbs) in total] (p < 0.05). PAGSVL insufficiency was present in 6 % (6 cases) of the patients [6 limbs in total (6.06 %)]. The type of PAGSVL joining to the great saphenous vein (GSV) was above the knee level in 4 % (4 limbs), at the knee level in 14 % (14 limbs), and below the knee level in 74 % of patients (74 limbs). The relationship between posterior tibial perforators and PAGSVL was seen in 3.03 % of cases (3 limbs). There was no statistically significant relationship between PAGSVL insufficiency and the presence of posterior tibial perforators (p = 0.55) or between the presence of PAGSVL and the GSV insufficiency. PAGSVL was seen in half of the limbs with CEAP scores of 1 and above. The frequency of PAGSVL was more common in the left limbs than the right limbs. There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of PAGSVL, GSV insufficiency, and different CEAP scores. The PAGSVL often joined to the GVS below the knee, but could also join above the knee.

The trigeminal artery is one of four primitive anastomoses between the internal carotid artery and vertebrobasilar system that regresses in the sixth week of fetal development. A persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is generally an incidental finding but may also be associated with intracranial vascular pathologies such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and cranial nerve compression syndromes. We present an extremely rare case of a right PTA with an associated bleeding fusiform aneurysm located in the carotidian (lateral) part of the PTA. In addition, this rare anatomic variation was associated with bilateral absence of the posterior communicating arteries, a left posterior cerebral artery originating from the left internal carotid artery, and agenesis of the A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery.

The variations in the subtalar joint regarding its morphology and articulation of bones are common worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the morphometric variations in articulating facets of talus and calcaneum in South Indian population. For this study, the morphometric parameters of 92 dry tali and 49 dry calcanei of unknown gender were analyzed. The pattern of articulating facets was classified based on Boyan et al. as Type A (A1–A4), Type B (B1 and B2), and Type C. Type B was found to be the most common pattern in the study population (talus—97.8%; calcaneus—80.2%). The morphometric parameters were expressed as mean ± 2 SD. The anteroposterior length of the left talus was more than right talus, while the transverse width of right and left talus is almost equal. The length of right sulcus tali appears to be more than left sulcus tali, whereas the width and depth of right and left sulcus tali was almost equal. The transverse width of the right calcaneus was greater than left calcaneus. Width and depth of right and left sulcus calcanei were almost equal, but the length of right sulcus calcanei was more than the left sulcus calcanei (p value − 0.036). Analysis of the pattern of articulating facets of talus and calcaneum and establishing the common types and their morphometric parameters will be helpful as an important tool for reconstruction surgeries of hind–foot deformities and foot rehabilitation procedures.

To study the shapes of the suprapatellar bursa and the suprapatellar septum, 210 specimens were examined anatomically and 2056 patients radiologically. It is possible to classify the variants of the suprapatellar septum into four types on the bases of anatomical aspects. The type of suprapatellar septum determines the communication between the suprapatellar bursa and the knee-joint cavity and influences the proximal extension of the knee-joint cavity. A suprapatellar lateral recess shaped like a saccular space was found on the lateral side of the suprapatellar bursa in just under 20% of the knee joints. There was no corresponding suprapatellar recess on the medial side. Pneumoarthrography is an effective tool for demonstrating the variable structures and spaces of the synovial cavity of the knee joint. The radiological findings correlate with the results of the anatomical studies.

Optimal treatment of symptomatic accessory navicular bones, generally asymptomatic ‘extra’ ossicles in the front interior ankle, remains debated. Incidence and type of accessory navicular bones in Chinese patients were examined as a basis for improving diagnostic and treatment standards. Accessory navicular bones were retrospectively examined in 1,625 (790 men and 835 women) patients with trauma-induced or progressive symptomatic ankle pain grouped by gender and age from August 2011 to May 2012. Anterior–posterior/oblique X-ray images; presence; type; affected side; modified Coughlin’s classification types 1, 2A, 2B, and 3; and subgroups a–c were recorded. Accessory navicular bones were found in 329 (20.2 %) patients (143 men and 186 women; mean age, 47.24 ± 18.34, ranging 14–96 years). Patients aged 51–60 exhibited most accessory navicular bones (29.7 %), with risk slightly higher in women and generally increasing from minimal 10.9 % at ages 11–20 to age 51 and thereafter declining to 0.4 % by age 90. The incidence was 41.6 % for Type 1 (Type 1a: 9.1 %, Type 1b: 15.5 %, and Type 1c: 19.4 %), 36.8 % for Type 2 (Type 2Aa: 2.1 %, Type 2Ab: 13.7 %, Type 2Ac: 5.1 %, Type 2Ba: 2.1 %, 2Bb: 2.1 %, and 2Bc: 11.6 %), and 21.6 % for Type 3 (Type 3a: 4.5 %, Type 3b: 14 %, and Type 3c: 3.0 %). Approximately one-fifth (20.3 %) of ankle pain patients exhibited accessory navicular bones, with Type 2 most common and middle-aged patients most commonly affected. Thus, accessory navicular bones may be less rare than previously thought, underlying treatable symptomatic conditions of foot pain and deformity.

To investigate the effect of visceral fat area on the distance and angle between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. On axial and sagittal images from abdomen CT scan, the distance and the angle between the SMA and the aorta were measured at the location where the third part of the duodenum crosses. The visceral fat area was calculated at the level of the umbilicus on the abdominal CT section. Body mass index was calculated. For both genders, the correlation between the distance and visceral fat area was substantial (p < 0.001). For males, there was no statistically significant relationship between the angle and the visceral fat area. For females, the correlation between the angle and the visceral fat area was low but significant and positive (r = 0.25, p < 0.048). In addition, it was found that males have a greater proportion of visceral fat than females. In both females and males, the subcutaneous fat area correlated with BMI (r = 0.65, r = 0.69, respectively, p < 0.001), more strongly than the visceral fat area did (r = 0.51, r = 0.63, respectively, p < 0.001). The distance between the aorta and the SMA significantly correlates with visceral fat area than with BMI. The size of visceral fat area of females and males vary; therefore, the amount of visceral fat area should be considered in the establishing diagnosis of SMA syndrome.