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The Reshian-Lamnian area within the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis in Pakistan is composed mainly of the rocks of the Salkhala, Panjal and Murree formations. Base metal sulfide mineralization in the form of sphalerite and galena with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite and pyrite is present within the Salkhala Formation of the study area. Chemically all these ore phases are homogeneous in composition. The Pb isotopic composition of galena from the area suggests that there is very little or negligible variation in the ratios of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb. Modal ages ranging from 509 to 562 Ma and the μ values of 10.71 to 10.93 have been calculated for the studied Pb-Zn mineralization. On the basis of field features, mineralogy and Pb-isotope signatures, it is concluded that the Pb-Zn sulfide mineralization in the Reshian-Lamnia area is pre-Himalayan in age and can be correlated with the Cambro-Ordovician (Pan-African) orogenic event.

The Taiping-Huangshan batholith in southeast China is a polygenetic composite granitoid consisting of two parts. The northern part is known as the Taiping granodiorite, genetically designated to the Syntexis-type granitoids of southeast China[1] or I-type[4]. Based on whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron dating, its age is 22 3 m. y. with a relatively low initial Sr ratio (0.7069), suggesting that it was emplaced during the Indosinian period. The southern part, the Huangshan multi-staged granite, is genetically ascribed to the transformation type of southeast China, or S-type, which includes two bodies known as the Huangshan and Shizilin granites. Both were formed in the late Yenshanian period as indicated by their ages: 131 m.y. for the Huangshan granite and 123 m. y. for the Shizilin granite, and high initial Sr ratios (0.714 for the Huangshan granite and 0.718 for the Shizilin granite) determine using whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron dating method. The biotite in the Taiping granodiorite is Mg-biotite with a high Mg/(Mg +ΣFe + Mn +VIAl3+) ratio (> 0.42) in its octahedral layers, and has a longerc-axis (10.220–10.224 Å) and a larger unit-cell volume (499.5 Å3), as calculated from X-ray powder diffraction data But the biotites in the Huangshan and Shizilin granies occur mostly as siderophyllite, subsequently as Fe-biotite and occasionally as zoned mica consisting of siderophyllite and musco-vite. The Mg/(Mg +ΣFe + Mn +VIAl3+) ratios are low, whileVIAl3+/(Mg+ΣFe+Mn+VIAl3+) ratios high in their octahedral layers. They have a shorterc-axis (10.128–10.196A) and a small nit-cell volume (494.5 Å3 on average). Comparison of their chemical compositions and corresponding unit-cell parameters for 13 samples from the batholith indicates that thec-axis length increases with increasing Mg content with a noticea ble positive correlation between them, but decreases with increasingVAl3+ content, showing an obvious negative correlation. The changes of theb-axis lengths with the compositions of biotites are much less pronounced than that of thec-axis length.

Higher fullerenes (C84, C90, C92, C94 and C96) were successfully isolated from the Soxhlet extract of the synthetical “Graphote Smokes” soot (GS sample) by using a big Cosmosil Buckysep (Phenomenex) column (250 mm × 10 mm) with a large injection. The fractions isolated have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS). It is found that there are different fullerenes molecules in different fractions with retention time. The result indicates that fullerenes do exist in GS samples. Also, it excludes the suspicion to some extent that fullerene molecules might be generated by the laser desorption process in the LDMS. In addition, it also provides the experimental basis for the study of natural higher fullerenes and might be helpful to figure out the question if higher fullerenes do exist in the natural samples.

Nhiều dòng chứng cứ địa chất, địa vật lý và địa hóa học chỉ ra rằng vành đai núi lửa giàu kali ở Đông Bắc Trung Quốc, được đại diện bởi các nhóm núi lửa tại Wudalianchi, Erkeshan và Kelo, được hình thành trong bối cảnh kiến tạo mảng, nằm trong một hệ thống thung lũng rift trong lục địa. Vật liệu núi lửa bao gồm dung nham phun trào và các sản phẩm vù văng nổ mạnh, đặc điểm và cơ chế chảy/tích lũy của chúng đã được nghiên cứu chi tiết. Sự phân bố của các sản phẩm vù văng cho thấy sự phun trào thuộc loại Strombolian với cường độ tăng dần về giai đoạn cuối.

Photometry is one of the main methods of planetary remote sensing. The opposition effect is a sharp surge in brightness around zero phase angles. Research on opposition effect is an important branch of photometry and also is an important tool in remote sensing of the Moon. In this paper, we reviewed the main laboratory experiments, which depend on simulate samples, lunar soil samples, telescope observations and spacecraft data, performed by all kinds of work on the lunar opposition effect. And we also reviewed the theoretical development of the lunar opposition effect (i.e., the major causes of the lunar opposition effect): the shadow hiding mechanism causes the lunar opposition effect, which includes the famous models (Hapke model and Lumme & Bowell model); then, the coherent backscatter mechanism; and now, the model combining the shadow hiding and coherent backscatter. China has sponsored the Chang’ e plan of lunar exploration, and the plan along with the SMART-1 gives a good chance to lunar opposition effect research when the data on the opposition surge at very small phase angles are obtained by the spacecrafts.