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Operant conditioning in the indigo snake
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 - Trang 53-55 - 2013
It was demonstrated that indigo snakes can be conditioned to operate a contact relay and press a key. The other major findings were: (1) Water can be an effective positive rein forcer for snakes; (2) the cumulative records of snakes show a step-shaped pattern; (3) snakes can respond at high rates for short periods of time; (4) snakes can sustain an FR4 schedule; and (5) moulting does not completel......
Learning and transfer of oddity as a function of apparatus and trials per problem
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 1965
Response word frequency in paired-associates learning
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 16 - Trang 308-309 - 2013
The influence of normative-response word frequency upon paired-associates performance was studied. An unmixed-list design was employed in contrast to earlier reports which employed mixed-list designs. The results indicated that performance on high response frequency pairs was significantly superior to performance on low response frequency pairs, thus paralleling previous findings with mixed-list d......
Discrimination-reversal skills in squirrel monkeys: The reversal index and the reversal-acquisition ratio compared
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 221-221 - 2013
A direct comparison is made of the reversal index and the reversal-acquisition ratio with a group of squirrel monkeys. The results indicate further merits and limitations of each as measures of discrimination-reversal skills in primates.
Negative contrast effect as a function of magnitude of reward decrement
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 5 - Trang 99-100 - 2013
Five groups of 12 rats each were given 20 daily training trials in a straight runway and were rewarded with either 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 20 mg food pellets, respectively. All groups were then shifted to 1 pellet reward for 14 additional trials. Performance during Training was an increasing monotonic function of the amount of reward. The magnitude of the negative contrast effect obtained in post-shift p......
Evaluation of help by a potential recipient
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 2013
In order to test the hypothesis that the decision to accept or reject a prosocial offer is a joint function of (1) value and cost associated with the offer and (2) the recipients degree of dependence, a role-playing abilities test was created. As part of the role-playing task, undergraduate students were asked to consider a prosocial offer, consisting of either high or low value, which imposed min......
Effects of a reduction in reward magnitude on active avoidance behavior in humans
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 25 - Trang 205-206 - 2013
Human Ss actively avoided a tone previously paired with a decrease in monetary incentive magnitude and consequent negative contrast effects more often than did individuals the tone associated with the control group’s lower quantity of reward. These data agree with the notion that at the human level, negative incentive contrast effects are explainable in terms of an aversive motivation response.
Rapid shaping of fixed-interval verbal behavior
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 - Trang 349-350 - 2013
Five undergraduate psychology majors and one high school student were trained to vocalize for point reinforcement. Once they did this regularly, they were trained to verbalize freely for points on fixed-interval schedules. Each of the Ss spoke at high rates with rare pauses until an SD for reinforcement was delivered contingent on responses in the latter portion of each interval. This procedure sh......
Reward structure and payoff preferences in human learning
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - - 1966
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