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Two types of nanomaterials with promising potential for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation have been synthesized using two simple methods. In the first method (mode 1; M1-MnOX), KMnO4 solution was added to pre-synthesized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MC) under ultrasonic mixing and subsequently, MnSO4 solution was added dropwise to the suspension. In the second method (mode 2; M2-MnOX), the mode of reagent addition was reversed; MnSO4 solution was added to MC under continuous sonication prior to the dropwise addition of KMnO4 solution to the suspension. The nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The application of the nanomaterials as reusable magnetic materials for BPA degradation in water was investigated. The M1-MnOX and M2-MnOX, nanomaterials with sizes in the range 10–18 nm, were composed of iron oxide core and amorphous manganese oxide shell. Interestingly, the maximum amount of BPA degraded by M1-MnOX within 48 h was ~1 mg BPA/g wet nanoparticles, which was significantly higher than the amount degraded by M2-MnOX nanoparticles (~0.16 mg BPA/g wet nanoparticles). Furthermore, the M1-MnOX nanoparticles could be efficiently reused four successive times without major loss of degradation activity. These low cost nanomaterials could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and washed for reuse, overcoming both filtration and reuse problems often associated with conventional use of colloidal manganese oxides as sorbents or catalysts.

The layered crystalline zirconium oligostyrenylphosphonate-phosphate (LCZSPP) was synthesized in the presence of HF for the first time, and this compound was well characterized by FT-IR, TG, SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD. The LCZSPP possessed high thermal stability by TG. SEM and TEM demonstrated that this compound is a typically layered crystalline compound with basically regular shape. XRD data also showed that the interlayer spacing (10.65 Å) of the sample was 3.01 Å more than the α-ZrP (7.64 Å). Moreover, chiral Jacobsen’s catalyst was axially immobilized onto LCZSPP by a diamine linker group. All the synthesized heterogeneous catalysts exhibited excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of simple olefins.

Two novel cobalt(II) complexes [Co(L1)2](BF4)2·CH3CN·0.5H2O (1) and [Co(L2)2](BF4)2 (2) (L1 = 4′-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine, L2 = 4′-(3,4,5-tris-hexadecyloxy-phenyl)-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine) have been synthesized, and their structural, magnetic and mesomorphic properties were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, POM, DSC, and powder XRD analysis. The molecular structure of the complex 1 with short alkyl substituents exhibited that the metal ion has an N6 coordination sphere of distorted octahedral geometry and various intermolecular π–π interactions are important factors influencing the crystalline array. The magnetic behaviour of 1 displayed a typical of gradual spin transition for cobalt(II) terpyridine complexes. On the other hand, the complex 2 possessing linear long alkyl chains showed a gradual spin transition between low-spin and high-spin with a thermal hysteresis loop (T 1/2↑ = 338 and T 1/2↓ = 327 K) triggered by the crystal-to-mesophase transition. The powder XRD and POM analyses were indicative of the liquid crystalline lamellar phase of 2.

In this study, FeBxFe2−xO4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the polyol method. The M–H hysteresis curves exhibit superparamagnetic characteristics that are both coercivity and remanent magnetization values are negligible. The particle size dependent Langevin function was applied to calculate the magnetic particle dimensions around 9 nm. The measured magnetic moments of NPs are in range of (1.52–2.2) µB and almost half or less with respect to 4 µB of bulk Fe ferrite. Magnetic anisotropy was specified as uniaxial and calculated effective anisotropy constants (K eff ) are between 43.3 × 104 and 19.4 × 104 emu/g. The UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Kubelka–Munk theory were used to determine the optical properties. The estimated optical band gap values (2.15–2.48 eV) of FeBxFe2−xO4 NPs are bigger with respect to reported values (1.88–2.12 eV) for Fe3O4 NPs in the literature. The bigger E g values are mainly attributed to B concentration and partly to quantum confinement effect.

In this research work, the severe double-shot peening (SDSP) and TiAlCr /AlCrSi plasma spray coating were performed on the commercial structural fabrication materials (Aluminium alloy) to improve the microstructure and surface properties. The materials were adapted to the shot peening process; compressive residual stress and microstrain were formed in the outer surface region as a grain size measurement of 25 µm. The oxygen reduction for Plasma spray TiAlCr/AlCrSi coating was implemented at the base materials; Al–Ti eutectic solid phase was directly converted into twin boundaries and Al lattice structure. Oxidation of micrographs revealed the fine grains boundaries, α′delta phase, porous titania (TiO2) surface, and lower surface roughness. Further, a higher hardness value for the oxidation sample was seen compared to base materials which were 36% augmented. Tensile results of SDSP and TiAlCr/AlCrSi coating were observed as the ultimate strength of 389 MPa and 420 MPa, 437 MPa. AlO2 surface and multiple bonding structures mainly contributed to the tensile strength of samples. Potential dynamic polarization studies were conducted on the three samples using 3.5% NaCl solution under natural environmental conditions to increase the corrosion resistance of the base materials. CrN and Cr2N did not observe on the outer surface. Further, dimples, voids, and cracks were not formed in the inner and outer surface layers. The plasma spray TiAlCr/AlCrSi coating method showed better results compared to shot peening process samples and increased the high tensile strength and elongation ratio of the fracture faces.

In this paper, phenol was used as the material to be treated, and HMS molecular sieve was used as the catalyst for the catalytic treatment of the material. HMS, Ti-HMS, Ce-HMS and composite modified Ce/Ti-HMS molecules were used to prepare sieved catalysts. Simulated phenol-containing wastewater with phenol as the main component is treated. The structure of the molecular sieve and its elements and contents were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope; the morphology of atoms or molecules in the material was characterized by X-ray diffractometer; the chemical bonds in the molecular structure were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The change of vibration peak was analyzed, and the change of surface and skeleton structure was analyzed; the absorbance of the substance to be tested to visible light was measured by ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance method. The experiment was optimized by response surface methodology, and the oxidation of Ce3+ was detected by infrared tracking, and the reaction mechanism of phenol catalytic degradation was analyzed. The active sites that determine the catalytic performance of the composite catalyst were studied by DFT calculations, which further confirmed that the bimetallic modified zeolite has better catalytic effect.

We report an unique method for the development of functional, non-toxic, flexible and moldable, simultaneous X-ray and EMI radiation shielding material, capable of simultaneous X-ray and EMI radiations shielding by exploring the multi elemental, multi componental phases present in red mud. The ceramic treatment of red mud leads to the formation of tailored radiation shielding powder having multilayered and multi shielding phases. Further, the shielding powder was treated with rheological and chemical compatible silicone polymer i.e. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to make inorganic–organic hybrid gel, which was further used to develop functional radiation shielding material of varying desire dimensions. The process basically involves sorption of PDMS on to the surface of particles of tailored radiation shielding powder via functional groups at interface which helps in achieving excellent dispersibility in the developed functional shielding material. The developed functional shielding material was evaluated for its diagnostic X-ray attenuation as well as electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) characteristics and found to posses highly effective properties. X-ray attenuation was studied using Nomex Multimeter from PTW for energies of 80 kVp and 100 kVp X-ray photons. Evaluation of EMSE of the developed shielding material was done using vector analyzer in the frequency range of 8.2 GHz to 12.4 according to ASTM D4935. Also, the developed material was characterized by using various complementary techniques like FTIR, TGA, DSC, FESEM, XRD and EDXA for studying the chemical compatibility of PDMS with shielding powder. The developed functional material can be used in broad application spectrum ranging from diagnostic X-ray and CT scanner room to other strategic radiation shielding installation and other electronic devices simultaneously.