This article is concerned with measures of fit of a model. Two types of error
involved in fitting a model are considered. The first is error of approximation
which involves the fit of the model, with optimally chosen but unknown parameter
values, to the population covariance matrix. The second is overall error which
involves the fit of the model, with parameter values estimated from the sample,
to... hiện toàn bộ
The model selection literature has been generally poor at reflecting the deep
foundations of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and at making appropriate
comparisons to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). There is a clear
philosophy, a sound criterion based in information theory, and a rigorous
statistical foundation for AIC. AIC can be justified as Bayesian using a “savvy”
prior on mode... hiện toàn bộ
Practical problems that are frequently encountered in applications of covariance
structure analysis are discussed and solutions are suggested. Conceptual,
statistical, and practical requirements for structural modeling are reviewed to
indicate how basic assumptions might be violated. Problems associated with
estimation, results, and model fit are also mentioned. Various issues in each
area are rai... hiện toàn bộ
In spite of the fact that chain referral sampling has been widely used in
qualitative sociological research, especially in the study of deviant behavior,
the problems and techniques involved in its use have not been adequately
explained. The procedures of chain referral sampling are not self-evident or
obvious. This article attempts to rectify this methodological neglect. The
article provides a de... hiện toàn bộ
Assessing overall model fit is an important problem in general structural
equation models. One of the most widely used fit measures is Bentler and
Bonett's (1980) normed index. This article has three purposes: (1) to propose a
new incremental fit measure that provides an adjustment to the normed index for
sample size and degrees of freedom, (2) to explain the relation between this new
fit measure ... hiện toàn bộ
This article introduces a new SAS procedure written by the authors that analyzes
longitudinal data (developmental trajectories) by fitting a mixture model. The
TRAJ procedure fits semiparametric (discrete) mixtures of censored normal,
Poisson, zero-inflated Poisson, and Bernoulli distributions to longitudinal
data. Applications to psychometric scale data, offense counts, and a dichotomous
prevalen... hiện toàn bộ
Given that the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is currently one
of the most popular measures of goodness-of-model fit within structural equation
modeling (SEM), it is important to know how well the RMSEA performs in models
with small degrees of freedom ( df). Unfortunately, most previous work on the
RMSEA and its confidence interval has focused on models with a large df.
Building o... hiện toàn bộ
Most major population surveys used by social scientists are based on complex
sampling designs where sampling units have different probabilities of being
selected. Although sampling weights must generally be used to derive unbiased
estimates of univariate population characteristics, the decision about their use
in regression analysis is more complicated. Where sampling weights are solely a
function... hiện toàn bộ
Regression coefficients cannot be interpreted as causal if the relationship can
be attributed to an alternate mechanism. One may control for the alternate cause
through an experiment (e.g., with random assignment to treatment and control) or
by measuring a corresponding confounding variable and including it in the model.
Unfortunately, there are some circumstances under which it is not possible to... hiện toàn bộ
This article examines the methodological implications of the fact that what
people say is often a poor predictor of what they do. We argue that many
interview and survey researchers routinely conflate self-reports with behavior
and assume a consistency between attitudes and action. We call this erroneous
inference of situated behavior from verbal accounts the attitudinal fallacy.
Though interviewi... hiện toàn bộ