Respiration
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Allergen and Ozone Exacerbate Serotonin-Induced Increases in Airway Smooth Muscle Contraction in a Model of Childhood Asthma <b><i>Background:</i></b> Serotonin (5-HT) modulates cholinergic neurotransmission and exacerbates airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction in normal animal and nonasthmatic human tissue. Exposure to house dust mite allergen (HDMA) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) leads to airway hyperreactivity and 5-HT-positive cells in the airway epithelium of infant rhesus monkeys. Research shows that concomitant exposure in allergic animals has an additive effect on airway hyperreactivity. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> In this study, the hypothesis is that the exposure of allergic infant rhesus monkeys to HDMA, O<sub>3</sub> and in combination, acting through 5-HT receptors, enhances 5-HT modulation of postganglionic cholinergic ASM contraction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-four HDMA-sensitized infant monkeys were split into 4 groups at the age of 1 month, and were exposed to filtered air (FA), HDMA, O<sub>3</sub> or in combination (HDMA+O<sub>3</sub>). At the age of 6 months, airway rings were harvested and postganglionic, and parasympathetic-mediated ASM contraction was evaluated using electrical-field stimulation (EFS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> 5-HT exacerbated the EFS response within all exposure groups, but had no effect in the FA group. 5-HT<sub>2</sub>, 5-HT<sub>3</sub> and 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptor agonists exacerbated the response. 5-HT concentration-response curves performed after incubation with specific receptor antagonists confirmed the involvement of 5-HT<sub>2</sub>, 5-HT<sub>3</sub> and 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptors. Conversely, a 5-HT<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist attenuated the tension across all groups during EFS, and in ASM contracted via exogenous acetylcholine. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HDMA, O<sub>3</sub> and HDMA+O<sub>3</sub> exposure in a model of childhood allergic asthma enhances 5-HT exacerbation of EFS-induced ASM contraction through 5-HT<sub>2</sub>, 5-HT<sub>3</sub> and 5-HT<sub>4</sub> receptors. A nonneurogenic inhibitory pathway exists, unaffected by exposure, mediated by 5-HT<sub>1</sub> receptors located on ASM.
Respiration - Tập 83 Số 6 - Trang 529-542 - 2012
Bronchial Provocation Tests before and after Cessation of Smoking
Respiration - Tập 54 Số 4 - Trang 247-254 - 1988
Co-Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptor <i>flt-1</i> in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma <i>Background:</i> Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic protein with a selective mitogenic effect on endothelial cells known to be involved in many normal and pathological processes. Coexpression of VEGF and its receptor <i>flt-1</i> has been reported in different types of malignant tumors. <i>Objective:</i> In the present study we investigated the expression of VEGF and <i>flt-1</i> in 90 cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesotheliomas. <i>Methods:</i> VEGF and <i>flt-1</i> expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and non-radioactive in situ hybridization. <i>Results:</i> VEGF expression was visualized immunohistochemically in tumor cells. <i>flt-1</i> expression correlated with histological differentiation (p < 0.013). Furthermore, expression of <i>flt-1</i> was detected in tumor cells, macrophages and microvessels adjacent to tumor cells. VEGF and <i>flt-1</i> expression were confirmed by in situ hybridization. <i>Conclusion:</i> There was a statistically significant correlation between VEGF and <i>flt-1</i> expression (p < 0.001). The observed coexpression of VEGF and <i>flt-1</i> possibly suggests a potential autocrine loop for malignant pleural mesothelioma cells.
Respiration - Tập 67 Số 1 - Trang 36-40 - 2000
A Case of Acute Pneumonitis Induced by Injection of Silicone for Colpoplasty Silicone fluid (polymethylsiloxane) is a liquid polymer that had been widely used in breast augmentation and other cosmetic procedures. However, many adverse reactions after silicone injections into human beings have been reported including adverse pulmonary sequelae. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman who suffered from acute pneumonitis that was induced by illicit injection of silicone into the vaginal wall for colpoplasty. The pulmonary involvement was documented by transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage where examination with the electron microscope disclosed the presence of large quantities of pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions in alveolar macrophages. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual complication of injection of silicone.
Respiration - Tập 70 Số 1 - Trang 104-106 - 2003
Respiratory Resistance Measured by Flow-Interruption in a Normal Population
Respiration - Tập 61 Số 5 - Trang 249-254 - 1994
Action of Tulobuterol and Fenoterol on the Mucociliary Clearance
Respiration - Tập 51 Số 2 - Trang 105-112 - 1987
Automated Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests in Adults with Respiratory Complaints <b><i>Background:</i></b> The use of pulmonary function tests is primarily based on expert opinion and international guidelines. Current interpretation strategies are using predefined cutoffs for the description of a typical pattern. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to explore the predicted disease outcome based on the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) interpreting strategy. Subsequently, we investigated whether an unbiased machine learning framework integrating lung function with clinical variables may provide alternative decision trees resulting in a more accurate diagnosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Our study included data from 968 subjects admitted for the first time to a pulmonary practice. The final clinical diagnosis was based on the combination of complete pulmonary function with the investigations that were decided at the physician's discretion. Clinical diagnoses were separated into 10 different groups and validated by an expert panel. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The ATS/ERS algorithm resulted in a correct diagnostic label in 38% of the subjects. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was detected with an acceptable accuracy (74%), whereas all other diseases were poorly identified. The new data-based decision tree improved the general accuracy to 68% after 10-fold cross-validation when detecting the most common lung diseases, with a significantly higher positive predictive value and sensitivity for COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, and neuromuscular disorder (83/78, 66/82, 52/59, and 100/54%, respectively). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data show that the current algorithms for lung function interpretation can be improved by a computer-based choice of lung function and clinical variables and their decision-making thresholds.
Respiration - Tập 93 Số 3 - Trang 170-178 - 2017
Treatment of Advanced Emphysema with Emphysematous Lung Sealant (AeriSeal®) <i>Background:</i> This report summarizes initial tests of an emphysematous lung synthetic polymer sealant (ELS) designed to reduce lung volume in patients with advanced emphysema. <i>Objectives:</i> The primary study objective was to define a therapeutic strategy to optimize treatment safety and effectiveness. <i>Methods:</i> ELS therapy was administered bronchoscopically to 25 patients with heterogeneous emphysema in an open-label, noncontrolled study at 6 centers in Germany. Treatment was performed initially at 2–4 subsegments. After 12 weeks, patients were eligible for repeat therapy to a total of 6 sites. Safety and efficacy were assessed after 6 months. Responses were evaluated in terms of changes from baseline in lung physiology, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life. Follow-up is available for 21 of 25 patients. <i>Results:</i> Treatment was well tolerated. There were no treatment-related deaths (i.e. within 90 days of treatment), and an acceptable short- and long-term safety profile. Physiological and clinical benefits were observed at 24 weeks. Efficacy responses were better among Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage III patients [n = 14; change in residual volume/total lung capacity (ΔRV/TLC) = –7.4 ± 10.3%; Δ forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ΔFEV<sub>1</sub>) = +15.9 ± 22.6%; change in forced vital capacity (ΔFVC) = +24.1 ± 22.7%; change in carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity (ΔDL<i>CO)</i> = +19.3 ± 34.8%; change in 6-min walk test (Δ6MWD) = +28.7 ± 59.6 m; change in Medical Research Council Dyspnea (ΔMRCD) score = –1.0 ± 1.04 units; change in St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (ΔSGRQ) score = –9.9 ± 15.3 units] than for GOLD stage IV patients (n = 7; ΔRV/TLC = –0.5 ± 6.4%; ΔFEV<sub>1</sub> = +2.3 ± 12.3%; ΔFVC = +2.6 ± 21.1%; ΔDL<i>CO</i> = –2.8 ± 17.2%; Δ6MWD = +28.3 ± 58.4 m; ΔMRCD = 0.3 ± 0.81 units; ΔSGRQ = –6.7 ± 7.0 units). <i>Conclusions:</i> ELS therapy shows promise for treating patients with advanced heterogeneous emphysema. Additional studies to assess responses in a larger cohort with a longer follow-up are warranted.
Respiration - Tập 82 Số 1 - Trang 36-45 - 2011
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