Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

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Dependence of sea surface emissivity on temperature‐dependent refractive index
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 134 Số 631 - Trang 541-545 - 2008
K. Masuda
AbstractTheoretical calculations of emissivity difference, Δε, with changing of water temperature from 301 to 279 K are performed at 820 cm−1 using the temperature‐dependent refractive index of sea water recently proposed by Newman and co‐workers. The results are compared with the calculations using the temperature‐dependent refractive index pr...... hiện toàn bộ
The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 96 Số 408 - Trang 320-325 - 1970
Paul J. Crutzen
AbstractThe probable importance of NO and NO2 in controlling the ozone concentrations and production rates in the stratosphere is pointed out. Observations on and determinations of nitric acid concentrations in the stratosphere by Murcray, Kyle, Murcray and Williams (1968) and Rhine, Tubbs and Dudley Williams (1969) support the high NO and NO... hiện toàn bộ
Adaptive bias correction for satellite data in a numerical weather prediction system
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 133 Số 624 - Trang 631-642 - 2007
Thomas Auligné, A. P. McNally, Dick Dee
AbstractAdaptive bias corrections for satellite radiances need to separate the observation bias from the systematic errors in the background in order to prevent the analysis from drifting towards its own climate. The variational bias correction scheme (VarBC) is a particular adaptive scheme that is embedded inside the assimilation system.VarBC is c...... hiện toàn bộ
Evaporation from sparse crops‐an energy combination theory
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 111 Số 469 - Trang 839-855 - 1985
W. James Shuttleworth, Jim Wallace
AbstractA one‐dimensional model is adopted to describe the energy partition of sparse crops. Theoretical development of this model yields a combination equation which describes evaporation in terms of controlling resistances associated with the plants, and with the soil or water in which they are growing. the equation provides a simple but physically plausible desc...... hiện toàn bộ
Improving the quality of simulated soil moisture with a multi‐model ensemble approach
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 133 Số 624 - Trang 731-747 - 2007
Zhichang Guo, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Xiang Gao, Mei Zhao
AbstractMulti‐model ensembles have been found to perform significantly better than a single‐model system in weather and seasonal climate forecasts. This paper explores the possibility of applying the multi‐model ensemble approach to the land surface component in order to improve the quality of simulated soil moisture. The simple average of 17 multiyear global soil ...... hiện toàn bộ
Accurate, simple equation for saturated vapour pressure over water and ice
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 146 Số 733 - Trang 4252-4258 - 2020
Maarten H. P. Ambaum
AbstractWe present and assess a simple equation for saturated vapour pressure over water and ice. The equation does not rely on an explicit integration of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, but instead uses the equality of the Gibbs functions of the vapour and the liquid or ice in equilibrium. The resulting equation is simple, physically consistent with standard ther...... hiện toàn bộ
Wind stress on a water surface
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 81 Số 350 - Trang 639-640 - 1955
H. Charnock
AbstractThe vertical distribution of horizontal mean wind in the lowest 8 metres over a reservoir (1·6 km × 1 km) has been measured using sensitive anemometers freely exposed from a fixed mast in water 16 m deep, the fetch being more than 1 km. The resulting profiles are closely logarithmic, the small differences being systematic and possibly due to the thermal ins...... hiện toàn bộ
The formation of areally‐averaged roughness lengths
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 114 Số 480 - Trang 399-420 - 1988
P. J. Mason
AbstractIt is argued that the best area average of the roughness length zo in heterogeneous terrain is that which, if it applied in homogeneous terrain, would produce the correct spatial average value of the surface stress. A heuristic argument is presented to show that this effective value of z0, zeff0, can be obtained by averaging drag coeffi...... hiện toàn bộ
Regional climate‐model predictions of extreme rainfall for a changing climate
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 129 Số 590 - Trang 1607-1621 - 2003
Chris Huntingford, Richard Jones, Christel Prudhomme, Rob Lamb, J. H. C. Gash, David Jones
AbstractMajor floods occurred in the United Kingdom during autumn 2000. These were caused by a rapid sequence of heavy rainfall events that occurred over a period of many weeks leading to record‐breaking monthly‐to‐seasonal rainfall totals. The question was raised as to whether such rainfall events may be related to human‐induced climate change.Cli...... hiện toàn bộ
Coastal winds and low‐level jets: Simulations for sea gulfs
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 131 Số 606 - Trang 625-637 - 2005
Hannu Savijärvi, Sami Niemelä, Priit Tisler
AbstractThe reasons for the relatively strong coastal afternoon surface winds observed along the Gulf of Finland were studied by using a high‐resolution two‐dimensional numerical model in typical summertime conditions. Sea breeze effects were included by defining a clear sky, whereas they were minimized by alternatively defining a thick cloud cover. The geostrophic...... hiện toàn bộ
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