Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

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Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 106 Số 447 - Trang 85-100 - 1980
E. K. Webb, G. I. Pearman, R. Leuning
AbstractWhen the atmospheric turbulent flux of a minor constituent such as CO2 (or of water vapour as a special case) is measured by either the eddy covariance or the mean gradient technique, account may need to be taken of variations of the constituent's density due to the presence of a flux of heat and/or water vapour. In this paper the basic relationships are di...... hiện toàn bộ
Drop‐size distribution in cloud and fog
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 77 Số 333 - Trang 418-426 - 1951
A. Best
AbstractExperimental data relating to drop‐size distribution in cloud and fog are examined and it is shown that in many cases the size distribution can be represented by the formula where F is the fraction of liquid water in the air comprised by drops with diameter less than x. The constant ... hiện toàn bộ
Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 126 Số 564 - Trang 941-990 - 2000
Matthias Roth
AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive, critical review of turbulence observations over cities. More than fifty studies are analysed with their experimental conditions summarized in an appendix. The main results are based on 14 high‐quality experiments which met criteria based on stringent experimental requirements. The observations are presented as non‐dimens...... hiện toàn bộ
A two‐layer canopy compensation point model for describing bi‐directional biosphere‐atmosphere exchange of ammonia
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 127 Số 573 - Trang 815-833 - 2001
Eiko Nemitz, C. Milford, Mark A. Sutton
AbstractA new resistance model is described to interpret the biosphere‐atmosphere exchange fluxes of ammonia (NH3) with vegetation, and compared with previous modelling approaches for NH3. The new model constitutes an extension of an existing one‐layer canopy compensation point model: in addition to bi‐directional foliar st...... hiện toàn bộ
Real‐time radar–rain‐gauge merging using spatio‐temporal co‐kriging with external drift in the alpine terrain of Switzerland
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 140 Số 680 - Trang 1097-1111 - 2014
Ioannis V. Sideris, Marco Gabella, Rebekka Erdin, Urs Germann
AbstractThe problem of the optimal combination of rain‐gauge measurements and radar precipitation estimates has been investigated. A method that attempts to generalize well‐established geostatistical techniques, such as kriging with external drift, is presented. The new method, besides allowing spatial information to be incorporated into the modelling and estimatio...... hiện toàn bộ
An assessment of kriging‐based rain‐gauge–radar merging techniques
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 141 Số 691 - Trang 2300-2313 - 2015
S. A. Jewell, Nicolas Gaussiat
Networks of rain‐gauges provide an accurate but highly localized measure of rainfall, with limited coverage and resolution, whereas radars provide rain‐rate and accumulation estimates over wide areas at high spatial and temporal resolution but low accuracy. When quantifying rainfall accumulations for applications such as flood forecasting, combining the two sets of data can be beneficial f...... hiện toàn bộ
AIRS channel selection for CO2 and other trace‐gas retrievals
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 129 Số 593 - Trang 2719-2740 - 2003
Cyril Crévoisier, A. Chédin, N. A. Scott
AbstractNew high‐resolution infrared sounders, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aqua satellite Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) or the European Meteorological Satellite systems, MetOp Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI), are expected to improve our capability to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) ...... hiện toàn bộ
Temperature and salinity dependence of sea surface emissivity in the thermal infrared
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 131 Số 610 - Trang 2539-2557 - 2005
Stuart M. Newman, J. A. Smith, Martin D. Glew, Stuart Rogers, Jonathan P. Taylor
AbstractAircraft and ground‐based interferometer measurements are used to investigate the dependence of sea surface emissivity on water temperature and salinity in the infrared spectral region. The effect of dissolved salts is found to be small and in line with previous studies, whereas temperature (often neglected in current emissivity models) has a greater impact...... hiện toàn bộ
Dependence of sea surface emissivity on temperature‐dependent refractive index
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 134 Số 631 - Trang 541-545 - 2008
K. Masuda
AbstractTheoretical calculations of emissivity difference, Δε, with changing of water temperature from 301 to 279 K are performed at 820 cm−1 using the temperature‐dependent refractive index of sea water recently proposed by Newman and co‐workers. The results are compared with the calculations using the temperature‐dependent refractive index pr...... hiện toàn bộ
The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 96 Số 408 - Trang 320-325 - 1970
Paul J. Crutzen
AbstractThe probable importance of NO and NO2 in controlling the ozone concentrations and production rates in the stratosphere is pointed out. Observations on and determinations of nitric acid concentrations in the stratosphere by Murcray, Kyle, Murcray and Williams (1968) and Rhine, Tubbs and Dudley Williams (1969) support the high NO and NO... hiện toàn bộ
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