Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
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Dependence of sea surface emissivity on temperature‐dependent refractive indexAbstract Theoretical calculations of emissivity difference, Δε, with changing of water temperature from 301 to 279 K are performed at 820 cm−1 using the temperature‐dependent refractive index of sea water recently proposed by Newman and co‐workers. The results are compared with the calculations using the temperature‐dependent refractive index pr... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 134 Số 631 - Trang 541-545 - 2008
Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5): a high‐resolution seasonal forecast systemThis article describes the UK Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5). GloSea5 upgrades include an increase in horizontal resolution in the atmosphere (N216–0.7°) and the ocean (0.25°), and implementation of a 3D‐Var assimilation system for ocean and sea‐ice conditions. GloSea5 shows improved year‐to‐year predictions of the major modes of variability. In the Tropics,... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 141 Số 689 - Trang 1072-1084 - 2015
Genesis of southwest vortices and its relation to Tibetan Plateau vorticesSWVs are important summer rain‐producing systems over southwestern China, and even wider areas in eastern China when they move eastward. Based on the final analyses data (FNL) of the Global Forecasting System of the National Centers for Environment Prediction, the role played by Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) in the genesis processes of vortices in southwest China, referred to as southwes... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 143 Số 707 - Trang 2556-2566 - 2017
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transferAbstract When the atmospheric turbulent flux of a minor constituent such as CO2 (or of water vapour as a special case) is measured by either the eddy covariance or the mean gradient technique, account may need to be taken of variations of the constituent's density due to the presence of a flux of heat and/or water vapour. In this paper the basic relationships are di... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 106 Số 447 - Trang 85-100 - 1980
Drop‐size distribution in cloud and fogAbstract Experimental data relating to drop‐size distribution in cloud and fog are examined and it is shown that in many cases the size distribution can be represented by the formula
where F is the fraction of liquid water in the air comprised by drops with diameter less than x. The constant ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 77 Số 333 - Trang 418-426 - 1951
Review of atmospheric turbulence over citiesAbstract This paper provides a comprehensive, critical review of turbulence observations over cities. More than fifty studies are analysed with their experimental conditions summarized in an appendix. The main results are based on 14 high‐quality experiments which met criteria based on stringent experimental requirements. The observations are presented as non‐dimens... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 126 Số 564 - Trang 941-990 - 2000
A two‐layer canopy compensation point model for describing bi‐directional biosphere‐atmosphere exchange of ammoniaAbstract A new resistance model is described to interpret the biosphere‐atmosphere exchange fluxes of ammonia (NH3 ) with vegetation, and compared with previous modelling approaches for NH3 . The new model constitutes an extension of an existing one‐layer canopy compensation point model: in addition to bi‐directional foliar st... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 127 Số 573 - Trang 815-833 - 2001
Real‐time radar–rain‐gauge merging using spatio‐temporal co‐kriging with external drift in the alpine terrain of SwitzerlandAbstract The problem of the optimal combination of rain‐gauge measurements and radar precipitation estimates has been investigated. A method that attempts to generalize well‐established geostatistical techniques, such as kriging with external drift, is presented. The new method, besides allowing spatial information to be incorporated into the modelling and estimatio... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 140 Số 680 - Trang 1097-1111 - 2014
An assessment of kriging‐based rain‐gauge–radar merging techniquesNetworks of rain‐gauges provide an accurate but highly localized measure of rainfall, with limited coverage and resolution, whereas radars provide rain‐rate and accumulation estimates over wide areas at high spatial and temporal resolution but low accuracy. When quantifying rainfall accumulations for applications such as flood forecasting, combining the two sets of data can be beneficial f... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 141 Số 691 - Trang 2300-2313 - 2015
AIRS channel selection for CO2 and other trace‐gas retrievalsAbstract New high‐resolution infrared sounders, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aqua satellite Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) or the European Meteorological Satellite systems, MetOp Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI), are expected to improve our capability to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) ... ...
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society - Tập 129 Số 593 - Trang 2719-2740 - 2003
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