Prevention Science
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A Comparison of Current Practice in School-Based Substance Use Prevention Programs with Meta-Analysis Findings
Prevention Science - Tập 4 - Trang 1-14 - 2003
The series of seminal meta-analytic studies of school-based substance use prevention program studies conducted by the late Nancy S. Tobler and colleagues concluded that programs with content focused on social influences' knowledge, drug refusal skills, and generic competency skills and that use participatory or interactive teaching strategies were more effective than programs focused on knowledge ......
Preventing Youth Violence and Delinquency through a Universal School-Based Prevention Approach
Prevention Science - Tập 7 - Trang 403-408 - 2006
Violence is an important public health problem among adolescents in the United States. Substance use and violence tend to co-occur among adolescents and appear to have similar etiologies. The present study examined the extent to which a comprehensive prevention approach targeting an array of individual-level risk and protective factors and previously found effective in preventing tobacco, alcohol,......
Testing the Causal Direction of Mediation Effects in Randomized Intervention Studies
Prevention Science - Tập 20 - Trang 419-430 - 2018
In a recent update of the standards for evidence in research on prevention interventions, the Society of Prevention Research emphasizes the importance of evaluating and testing the causal mechanism through which an intervention is expected to have an effect on an outcome. Mediation analysis is commonly applied to study such causal processes. However, these analytic tools are limited in their poten......
Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect
Prevention Science - - 2000
This paper describes the statistical similarities among mediation, confounding, and suppression. Each is quantified by measuring the change in the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable after adding a third variable to the analysis. Mediation and confounding are identical statistically and can be distinguished only on conceptual grounds. Methods to determine the confidence in......
Neighborhood Deprivation is Associated with Increased Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure
Prevention Science - Tập 23 - Trang 1078-1089 - 2022
Despite years of advisories against the behavior, smoking among pregnant women remains a persistent public health issue in the USA. Recent estimates suggest that 9.4% of women smoke before pregnancy and 7.1% during pregnancy in the USA. Epidemiological research has attempted to pinpoint individual-level and neighborhood-level factors for smoking during pregnancy, including educational attainment, ......
Web-Enabled Feedback Control Over Energy Balance Promotes an Increase in Physical Activity and a Reduction of Body Weight and Disease Risk in Overweight Sedentary Adults
Prevention Science - Tập 15 - Trang 579-587 - 2013
This study aims to investigate whether a Web-based tool will facilitate the adoption of feedback control over calorie balance in overweight individuals, thereby promoting an increase of physical activity and a reduction of body weight and cardiovascular risk factors. This is a prospective exercise intervention study, commencing with a minimum weekly 3 × 20-min requirement of high-intensity interva......
Effects of School-Level Norms on Student Substance Use
Prevention Science - - 2002
This study examines the relationship between school norms of substance use disapproval (disapproval by the student body) and students' use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Data came from nationally representative samples of 8th (N = 16,051), 10th (N = 13,251), and 12th (N = 8,797) grade students, attending 150, 140, and 142 schools, respectively. These students participated in the Monitoring......
Service Coordination to Address Maternal Mental Health, Partner Violence, and Substance Use: Findings from a National Survey of Home Visiting Programs
Prevention Science - - 2021
Prevalence and Community Variation in Harmful Levels of Family Conflict Witnessed by Children: Implications for Prevention
Prevention Science - Tập 15 - Trang 757-766 - 2013
Children’s reports of high family conflict consistently predict poor outcomes. The study identified criteria for high family conflict based on prospective prediction of increased risk for childhood depression. These criteria were subsequently used to establish the prevalence of high family conflict in Australian communities and to identify community correlates suitable for targeting prevention pro......
Hepatitis Vaccination of Men Who Have Sex with Men at Gay Pride Events
Prevention Science - Tập 11 - Trang 219-227 - 2010
Prevention researchers have advocated primary prevention such as vaccination in alternative venues. However, there have been major questions about both the attendance of, and the ability to, vaccinate high-risk individuals in such settings. The current study seeks to assess the feasibility of vaccinating high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) at Gay Pride events. The research questions are: Do ......
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