Pleiades Publishing Ltd

At the end of the 20th century, the methods of equilibrium thermodynamics in studying natural fluid systems were replaced by synergetics, a more general paradigm. The main difference of the synergetic approach is its interdisciplinary character, and one of its achievements is understanding the role of governing parameters in particular fluid systems and introducing the concept of endogeneous fluid systems as polystationary systems.

Phân tích các sóng PKIIKP phản xạ từ bề mặt bên trong của ranh giới lõi rắn và được ghi nhận gần điểm đối diện cho thấy rằng vận tốc sóng cắt ở đỉnh có thể thấp hơn từ 10–60% so với giá trị 3,5 km/s mà các mô hình chuẩn của Trái Đất dự kiến.

By means of mathematical modeling, the parameters of flows forming sedimentary waves on the western slope of the Derbent basin were estimated. The height of these flows depends on the slope steepness and varies from 25 to 170 m to reach its maximum values at gentler slope areas. However, the flow rate is independent of the slope steepness and depends only on the concentration of sediment matter supplied by the flow. At the upper part of the slope (the flow starting), the rate amounts to 0.4–1.4 m/s, being almost halved at the depths where the sedimentary waves are damped. The present rates of near-bottom currents show pronounced seasonal differences, and their values are close to flow rates obtained by numerical modeling.

Analysis of the distribution of uranium concentrations in the water of conjugated components of the Baikal ecosystem (the water of Lake Baikal and its tributaries, headwaters of the Angara River, and groundwater from the wells drilled on Olkhon Island, and in the southwestern coastal part of Lake Baikal) has been carried out. The essential differences of the maximum uranium concentrations in groundwater of Lake Baikal and its inflows and the close average and median values of uranium in the water of Lake Baikal and the Angara River source were determined. The data obtained on the uranium distribution fix the influence of geological and geochemical peculiarities of the structure of the Baikal ecosystem and its surroundings and the climatic and catastrophic (earthquakes, seismic geodynamic activation, etc.) events that take place in the region. The changes in the uranium concentration in the water of Lake Baikal in relation to the seismic process were analyzed on the example of strong earthquakes (M ≥ 5) in the Lake Baikal area.

Sm–Nd isotope–geochemical studies of the Cenozoic sand deposits of the Muya Depression (eastern flank of the Baikal rift zone), which is located on the border of the Charo–Olekminskii Geoblock of the Aldan Shield and the Anamakit–Muya Zone of the Baikal–Muya Fold Belt, were carried out. The Nd model ages tNd(DM) were obtained for most of the sand samples from the Muya Depression in the range of 1.7–1.5 Ga (ɛNd(0) = –12.0…–13.3). According to the Nd isotopic characteristics, they are most similar to the metasedimentary rocks of the Gorbylok Sequence of the Bambui–Olindin Subzone and the Dzhaltuk Group of the Muya Subzone of the Anamakit–Muya Zone, which were most likely their source. In this case, the sedimentary material, primary for the Cenozoic sand of the Muya Depression, was transported over a relatively short distance.