AbstractThe quantification of precipitation on a global scale is critical for
applications ranging from climate monitoring to water resource management.
Conventional observations through surface gauge networks provide the most direct
measure of precipitation, although these are very much limited to land areas,
with very few in situ measurements over the oceans. Weather radars, although
providing a... hiện toàn bộ
Jean Palutikof, B. Brabson, D.H. Lister, Susan T. Adcock
AbstractMethods to calculate extreme wind speeds are described and reviewed,
including ‘classical’ methods based on the generalized extreme value (GEV)
distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), and approaches
designed specifically to deal with short data sets. The emphasis is very much on
the needs of users who seek an accurate method to derive extreme wind speeds but
are not ful... hiện toàn bộ
M. Naresh Kumar, C. S. Murthy, M. V. R. Sesha Sai, P. S. Roy
AbstractMonthly rainfall data from June to October for 39 years were used to
compute Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values based on two parameter
gamma distribution for a low rainfall and a high rainfall districts of Andhra
Pradesh state, India. Comparison of SPI with actual rainfall and rainfall
deviation from the mean indicated that SPI values under‐estimate the intensity
of dryness/wetn... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractThis paper addresses the long‐standing problem of plotting atmospheric
fronts objectively. A thermodynamic definition of a front is proposed.
Time‐independent diagnostic quantities are then devised according to this
definition. These can be computed from any gridded dataset. Fronts are then
plotted, without human intervention, by utilising standard graphics package
facilities, such as cont... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractResults of research work concerning the spatial estimation of
precipitation and air temperature and the representation of different climatic
indices, which assess the climate of a region in northern Greece, are reported.
The climatic indices used were the Johansson Continentality Index, the Kerner
Oceanity Index, the De Martonne Aridity Index and the Pinna Combinative Index.
Data from 15 m... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractIt is becoming increasingly important to be able to verify the spatial
accuracy of precipitation forecasts, especially with the advent of
high‐resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In this article, the
fractions skill score (FSS) approach has been used to perform a scale‐selective
evaluation of precipitation forecasts during 2003 from the Met Office mesoscale
model (12 km g... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractA ground‐based network of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can
be used to determine the excess propagation path of the GPS signals. Using
surface pressure data it is possible to derive the excess path caused by water
vapour. This quantity is often referred to as the wet delay. We have studied the
relationship between the wet delay and the integrated precipitable water vapour
(IPWV... hiện toàn bộ
ABSTRACTThis review discusses some of the current issues in wind energy
meteorology from the viewpoint of a meteorologist. The focus is on four major
subjects: (1) the wind potential, (2) the influence of major terrain
inhomogeneities on this wind potential, (3) diurnal wind variations and (4) the
impact of wind turbines and wind parks on the flow. The wind potential is
addressed by describing ver... hiện toàn bộ
AbstractThis brief paper further develops the objective front‐plotting
methodology described in Hewson (1996), to enable the tips of frontal wave
cyclones to also be objectively identified. The method embraces a new definition
of frontal waves, but is analogous to operational practice in that these waves
are located where cold and warm fronts join. It is suggested that for the early
stages of cycl... hiện toàn bộ
Alan Seed, John Nicol, G. L. Austin, C. D. Stow, Stuart Bradley
AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of sampling errors on the estimation
of the parameters of the relation Z = aRb used in the measurement of rainfall
(R) from radar reflectivity (Z). Simulation results show that, at levels of
sampling errors likely to be observed in real data sets, of the order 100 gauge
and radar observation pairs are required to estimate a with an accuracy better
than 15... hiện toàn bộ