DELAY OR PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING IN A MODEL OF IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR: EFFECT OF ALCOHOLJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 71 Số 2 - Trang 121-143 - 1999
Jerry B. Richards, Lan Zhang, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit
Little is known about the acute effects of drugs of abuse on impulsivity and
self‐control. In this study, impulsivity was assessed in humans using a computer
task that measured delay and probability discounting. Discounting describes how
much the value of a reward (or punisher) is decreased when its occurrence is
either delayed or uncertain. Twenty‐four healthy adult volunteers ingested a
moderate... hiện toàn bộ
TIME AND MEMORY: TOWARDS A PACEMAKER‐FREE THEORY OF INTERVAL TIMINGJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 71 Số 2 - Trang 215-251 - 1999
J. E. R. Staddon, Jennifer J. Higa
A popular view of interval timing in animals is that it is driven by a discrete
pacemaker‐accumulator mechanism that yields a linear scale for encoded time. But
these mechanisms are fundamentally at odds with the Weber law property of
interval timing, and experiments that support linear encoded time can be
interpreted in other ways. We argue that the dominant pacemaker‐accumulator
theory, scalar e... hiện toàn bộ
A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF d‐AMPHETAMINE ON BEHAVIOR UNDER FIXED‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES1Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 21 Số 3 - Trang 519-539 - 1974
Marc N. Branch, Lewis R. Gollub
Pigeons were exposed to fixed‐interval schedules of food reinforcement with
durations of 300 sec, 100 sec, or 40 sec. A range of doses of d‐amphetamine was
administered to each pigeon, and the resulting behavior was analyzed at several
levels of detail. Average rates in different portions of the intervals predicted
the magnitude of the drug's effect, but a finer analysis showed that average
rates ... hiện toàn bộ
REINFORCEMENT OMISSION ON FIXED‐INTERVAL SCHEDULES1Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 12 Số 5 - Trang 689-700 - 1969
J. E. R. Staddon, Nancy K. Innis
Experiments with pigeons and rats showed that: (1) When a brief blackout was
presented in lieu of reinforcement at the end of 25% of intervals on a
fixed‐interval 2‐min schedule, response rate was reliably and persistently
higher during the following 2‐min intervals (omission effect). This effect was
largely due to a decrease in time to first response after reinforcement
omission. (2) When blackou... hiện toàn bộ
PRAGMATISM, SCIENCE, AND SOCIETY: A REVIEW OF RICHARD RORTY'S OBJECTIVITY, RELATIVISM, AND TRUTH: PHILOSOPHICAL PAPERS, VOLUME 1Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 71 Số 3 - Trang 483-500 - 1999
Sam Leigland
Richard Rorty's Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth: Philosophical Papers, Volume
1 is a collection of papers that explores the implications of philosophical
pragmatism in several areas, including natural science, mind—body issues in
philosophy, and perspectives on liberal democracy and social change.
Similarities between Rorty's pragmatism and Skinner's radical behaviorism are
explored in each of ... hiện toàn bộ
SCHEDULE‐INDUCED DRINKING AS A FUNCTION OF INTERREINFORCEMENT INTERVAL IN THE RHESUS MONKEY1Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 26 Số 2 - Trang 257-267 - 1976
Joseph D. Allen, Dan R. Kenshalo
Lever presses by two rhesus monkeys produced food pellets that were assigned by
both an ascending and descending series of fixed‐interval schedules whose values
varied between 1 and 512 sec. The amount of schedule‐induced drinking was
bitonically related to interreinforcement interval, reaching a maximum at
approximately 120 sec and declining at longer fixed intervals. The relation
between water i... hiện toàn bộ
SCHEDULE‐INDUCED DRINKING AS FUNCTIONS OF INTERPELLET INTERVAL AND DRAUGHT SIZE IN THE JAVA MACAQUE1Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Tập 30 Số 2 - Trang 139-151 - 1978
Joseph D. Allen, Dan R. Kenshalo
Three Java monkeys received food pellets that were assigned by both ascending
and descending series of fixed‐time schedules whose values varied between 8 and
256 seconds. The draught size dispensed by a concurrently available
water‐delivery tube was systematically varied between 1.0 and 0.3 milliliter per
lick at various fixed‐time values during the second and third series
determinations. Session ... hiện toàn bộ