Intervirology
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Implementation of a Multiregion Hybridization Assay to Characterize HIV-1 Strains Detected among Injecting Drug Users in Manipur, India We have implemented the latest technology of a multiregion hybridization assay (MHAbce, version 2) for the molecular characterization of HIV-1 among injecting drug users (IDUs) of Manipur, India. This study provides a more detailed analysis on the basis of probes designed from eight different genomic regions of HIV-1, to achieve a clear picture of HIV-1 genomic diversity in Manipur. Out of 30 samples, 15 were found to be of subtype C, 1 of subtype B, 5 with dual-probe reactivity, 8 with multigenomic recombination pattern and 1 sample showed both dual-probe reactivity and multigenomic variations. In contrast, the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) with respect to gag and env genes revealed 21 samples to be of subtype C (gag C/env C), 3 samples of subtype B (gag B/env B) and 6 samples of B/C recombinants (gag C/env B). MHAbce illustrates the occurrence of inter- and intragenomic variants and dual infection in an IDU population from India. It also indicates the possibility of the presence of new circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1 strains, which might have been difficult to trace by HMA alone.
Intervirology - Tập 52 Số 4 - Trang 175-178 - 2009
Papovavirus Structural Polypeptides: Comparison of Human and Rabbit Papilloma Viruses with Simian Virus 40
Intervirology - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 220-231 - 1974
Partial Copurification of Scrapie-Associated Fibrils and Scrapie Infectivity
Intervirology - Tập 25 Số 1 - Trang 48-55 - 1986
Highly Infectious Purified Preparations of Disease-Specific Amyloid of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Are Not Devoid of Nucleic Acids of Viral Size
Intervirology - Tập 40 Số 4 - Trang 238-246 - 1997
Coronavirus Infections in the Central Nervous System and Respiratory Tract Show Distinct Features in Hospitalized Children Background/Aims: Coronavirus (CoV) infections induce respiratory tract illnesses and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. We aimed to explore the cytokine expression profiles in hospitalized children with CoV-CNS and CoV-respiratory tract infections. Methods: A total of 183 and 236 hospitalized children with acute encephalitis-like syndrome and respiratory tract infection, respectively, were screened for anti-CoV IgM antibodies. The expression profiles of multiple cytokines were determined in CoV-positive patients. Results: Anti-CoV IgM antibodies were detected in 22/183 (12.02%) and 26/236 (11.02%) patients with acute encephalitis-like syndrome and respiratory tract infection, respectively. Cytokine analysis revealed that the level of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was significantly higher in both CoV-CNS and CoV-respiratory tract infection compared with healthy controls. Additionally, the serum level of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was significantly higher in CoV-CNS infection than in CoV-respiratory tract infection. In patients with CoV-CNS infection, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF were significantly higher in their cerebrospinal fluid samples than in matched serum samples. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a high incidence of CoV infection in hospitalized children, especially with CNS illness. The characteristic cytokine expression profiles in CoV infection indicate the importance of host immune response in disease progression.
Intervirology - Tập 59 Số 3 - Trang 163-169 - 2016
Profound Sex-Specific Effects on Incubation Times for Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy to Mice Four strains of mice were inoculated intracerebrally with a primary isolate of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the cloned mouse-adapted scrapie strain ME7. Clinical prion disease diagnosis was made at the appearance of three or more neurological symptoms and their persistence for 3 consecutive weeks and confirmed by neuropathological criteria. For BSE, incubation periods were profoundly different between the sexes in all four mouse strains, being longer in the females. In contrast, ME7 scrapie incubation times were similar between the sexes. Our results indicate that sex-specific processes are involved in the course of primary BSE transmission. Research into this phenomenon may provide clues to the prophylaxis of BSE and have possible implications for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
Intervirology - Tập 45 Số 1 - Trang 56-58 - 2002
Differences in Release and Determination of Subtype of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Produced by Stimulated Normal Pig Blood Cells <i>Objective:</i> Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are of particular concern with xenotransplantations using pig cells, tissues or organs as they are present in the genome of all pig strains and are able to infect human cells in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether PERV particles will be produced in vivo and whether they may infect xenotransplant recipients. Since normal pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may be transmitted together with the transplanted organ, the production of PERVs by stimulated PBMCs was studied in vitro. <i>Methods:</i> To simulate antigen-induced activation of PBMCs, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), a T cell mitogen, and the phorbol ester O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumour promoter, were used. Virus release was estimated by measuring reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and by RT-PCR of pelleted viruses. <i>Results:</i> Treatment of pig PBMCs with PHA or TPA induced the release of PERVs. For the first time, a correlation between the extent of proliferation of pig PBMCs and PERV production was shown. In addition, PERV release by non-proliferating cells and differences in virus production between stimuli as well as between different pig strains and individuals of one strain were observed. Subtype analysis revealed the release of the three subtypes PERV-A, PERV-B and PERV-C. In contrast to murine endogenous retroviruses, PERVs were induced by PHA alone. <i>Conclusion:</i> The data suggest that the PBMCs transmitted within a xenotransplant may release PERV. These data also suggest that pig strains producing low amounts of virus could be more suitable for xenotransplantation.
Intervirology - Tập 46 Số 1 - Trang 17-24 - 2003
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