Geophysical surveys
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Coseismic Damage at an Archaeological Site in Sicily, Italy: Evidence of Roman Age Earthquake Surface Faulting
Geophysical surveys - Tập 39 - Trang 1263-1284 - 2018
Archaeoseismology can provide a useful chronological tool for constraining earthquakes and documenting significant evidence that would otherwise be lost. In this paper, we report a case of surface faulting on ancient man-made structures belonging to the archaeological site of Santa Venera al Pozzo situated along the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in eastern Sicily (southern Italy), which is aff......
The significance of surface joints
Geophysical surveys - Tập 7 - Trang 259-271 - 1985
This brief review demonstrates the significance, on a global scale, of joints as shearing surfaces in the neotectonic stress field. Thus, the principal directions of the neotectonic stress field can be determined by a statistical treatment of joint orientation data. These principal stress directions agree with those postulated from plate tectonic theory in every case, on five continents.
Sensitivity Analysis for Key Payloads and Orbital Parameters from the Next-Generation Moon-Gradiometer Satellite Gravity Program
Geophysical surveys - Tập 36 - Trang 111-137 - 2014
This research principally focuses on the requirements analysis in terms of the next-generation Moon-Gradiometer satellite gravity program. Firstly, the new single and combined analytical error models applied to estimate the accuracy of the lunar gravitational field (e.g., geopotential coefficients, cumulative geoid height and cumulative gravity anomaly) influenced by the main error sources consis......
PREDICTIONS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION CAUSED BY CHANGING POLAR ICE ON A VISCOELASTIC EARTH
Geophysical surveys - Tập 18 - Trang 303-312 - 1997
Changes in polar ice could cause vertical crustal motion of up to several mm yr-1 along the edge of the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps. Measurements of the uplift could help constrain the changing ice volumes. The problem is complicated by the Earth's visco-elastic response to past loading, including the Late Pleistocene deglaciation. A method is described for removing these visco-elastic effect......
Advantages of Using Multichannel Analysis of Love Waves (MALW) to Estimate Near-Surface Shear-Wave Velocity
Geophysical surveys - Tập 33 - Trang 841-860 - 2012
As theory dictates, for a series of horizontal layers, a pure, plane, horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave refracts and reflects only SH waves and does not undergo wave-type conversion as do incident P or Sv waves. This is one reason the shallow SH-wave refraction method is popular. SH-wave refraction method usually works well defining near-surface shear-wave velocities. Only first arrival infor......
Evaluation Procedures for the Potential Harmonic Coefficients of a Generally Shaped Polyhedron
Geophysical surveys - - Trang 1-34 - 2023
Two computational strategies for the evaluation of the spherical harmonic coefficients of the gravitational potential due to a generally shaped homogeneous polyhedral source are examined in detail. The techniques are implemented numerically for the known asteroid shape models of Eros and Didymos. The aim of the investigation is to quantify specific numerical aspects of the two algorithms, such as ......
Determination of Earth’s Transient and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivities from Observations Over the Twentieth Century: Strong Dependence on Assumed Forcing
Geophysical surveys - Tập 33 - Trang 745-777 - 2012
Relations among observed changes in global mean surface temperature, ocean heat content, ocean heating rate, and calculated radiative forcing, all as a function of time over the twentieth century, that are based on a two-compartment energy balance model, are used to determine key properties of Earth’s climate system. The increase in heat content of the world ocean, obtained as the average of sever......
Fibre Optic Methods of Prospecting: A Comprehensive and Modern Branch of Geophysics
Geophysical surveys - Tập 42 - Trang 551-584 - 2021
Over the past decades, the development of fibre optic cables, which pass light waves carrying data guided by total internal reflection, has led to advances in high-speed and long-distance communication, large data transmission, optical imaging, and sensing applications. Thus far, fibre optic sensors (FOSs) have primarily been employed in engineering, biomedicine, and basic sciences, with few repor......
News from the Lower Ionosphere: A Review of Recent Developments
Geophysical surveys - Tập 30 - Trang 525-559 - 2009
Current knowledge concerning the lower ionosphere (D- and E-region) is reviewed with an emphasis on new aspects of empirical results. Starting with an overview of experimental techniques and corresponding data bases, both regarding charged as well as the most relevant neutral constituents of this altitude range, the ionospheric variability is discussed both concerning regular (e.g. diurnal and sea......
The Representation of Tropospheric Water Vapor Over Low-Latitude Oceans in (Re-)analysis: Errors, Impacts, and the Ability to Exploit Current and Prospective Observations
Geophysical surveys - Tập 38 - Trang 1399-1423 - 2017
This paper addresses the representation of lower tropospheric water vapor in the meteorological analyses—fully detailed estimates of atmospheric state—providing the wide temporal and spatial coverage used in many process studies. Analyses are produced in a cycle combining short forecasts from initial conditions with data assimilation that optimally estimates the state of the atmosphere from the pr......
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