Graham D. Farquhar, M. H. O'leary, Joseph A. Berry
Theory is developed to explain the carbon isotopic composition of plants. It is
shown how diffusion of gaseous CO2 can significantly affect carbon isotopic
discrimination. The effects on discrimination by diffusion and carboxylation are
integrated, yielding a simple relationship between discrimination and the ratio
of the intercellular and atmospheric partial pressures of CO2. The effects of
dark ... hiện toàn bộ
In the last decade, our understanding of the processes underlying plant response
to drought, at the molecular and whole-plant levels, has rapidly progressed.
Here, we review that progress. We draw attention to the perception and
signalling processes (chemical and hydraulic) of water deficits. Knowledge of
these processes is essential for a holistic understanding of plant resistance to
stress, whic... hiện toàn bộ
The allocation of biomass to different plant organs depends on species, ontogeny
and on the environment experienced by the plant. In this paper we first discuss
some methodological tools to describe and analyse the allocation of biomass.
Rather than the use of shoot:root ratios, we plead strongly for a subdivision of
biomass into at least three compartments: leaves, stems and roots. Attention is
d... hiện toàn bộ
Fruit softening during ripening involves a coordinated series of modifications
to the polysaccharide components of the primary cell wall and middle lamella,
resulting in a weakening of the structure. Degradation of polysaccharides and
alterations in the bonding between polymers cause an increase in cell separation
and a softening and swelling of the wall, which, combined with alterations in
turgor... hiện toàn bộ
Jaume Flexas, Josefina Bota, José M. Escalona, Bartolomé Sampol, H. Medrano
The effect of diffusional and photochemical limitations to photosynthesis was
assessed in field-grown water-stressed grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) by
combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Drought was
slowly induced, and the progressive decline of photosynthesis was examined in
different grapevine cultivars along a continuous gradient of maximum mid-morning
values of ... hiện toàn bộ
An empirical model of stomatal conductance is presented. The predictions of
conductance correlate with experimental determinations of the responses to
several kinds of short-term and long-term perturbations, including irradiance,
temperature, CO2 and O2 partial pressures, and leaf age and nitrogen nutrition.
The model is not mechanistic and cannot account for the observed functioning of
stomata in... hiện toàn bộ
The photosynthetic apparatus of plants responds to changing light quantity and
quality with coordinated changes in both the light-harvesting antennae of the
photosystems and the amounts of electron transport components and ATP synthase.
These compositional modulations are accompanied by changes in thylakoid membrane
organisation and photosynthetic capacity. It is now clear that there is a
dynamic ... hiện toàn bộ
Stomatal conductances, CO2 assimilation, transpiration and intercellular CO2 mol
fractions of Eucalyptus grandis leaves were measured in the field using a
portable, controlled environment cuvette. Test leaves were subjected to a range
of temperatures, humidities, photon irradiances and external CO2 mol fractions.
An empiral function, gsw = g0 + g1 Ahs/(cs-I'), was able to account for steady-
state... hiện toàn bộ
Wheat seedlings were grown in soil of various strengths, obtained by changing
the bulk density or the water content of the soil. Leaf expansion and
transpiration rate were monitored from emergence until the main stem had 5-7
leaves. Leaf area, and shoot and root dry weights, were negatively correlated
with soil strength as measured by penetrometer resistance. The growth of roots
was less affected ... hiện toàn bộ