European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Molecular screening of multidrug-resistance tuberculosis by a designated public health laboratory in Taiwan
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 36 - Trang 2431-2439 - 2017
H.-C. Lin, C.-L. Perng, Y.-W. Lai, F.-G. Lin, C.-J. Chiang, H.-A. Lin, R. Jou, T.-S. Chiueh
This manuscript describes our experience in early identifying MDR-TB cases in high-risk populations by setting up a single-referral molecular diagnosis laboratory in Taiwan. Taiwan Centers for Disease Control designated a single-referral laboratory to provide the GenoType MTBDRplus test for screening high-risk MDR-TB populations nationwide in 2012–2015. A total of 5,838 sputum specimens from 3,308 patients were tested within 3 days turnaround time. Compared with the conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing, the overall performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus test for detecting TB infection showed accuracy of 70.7%, sensitivity of 85.9%, specificity of 65.7%, positive predictive value of 45.5%, and negative predictive value of 93.3%. And the accuracy of detecting rifampin (RIF) resistance, isoniazid (INH) resistance, and MDR-TB (resistant to at least RIF and INH) were 96.5%, 95.2%, and 97.7%, respectively. MDR-TB contacts presented a higher rate of mutated codons 513–519, GenoType MTBDRplus banding pattern: rpoB WT3(−), and rpoB WT4(−) than the treatment failure group. The MDR-TB contact group also had a higher rate of inhA C15T mutation, banding pattern: inhA WT1(−), and inhA MUT1(+) than the recurrent group. Resistance profiles of MDR-TB isolates also varied geographically. The referral molecular diagnosis system contributed to rapid detection and initiation of appropriate therapy.
Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in a Patient with a Recent History of Tuberculosis and Persistent Round Lung Lesions
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - - 1999
R. Pometta, C. Trovato, Maria Anna Viviani, T. Masini, Davide Conte
Determination of HCV Genotype Using Two Antibody Assays and Genome Typing
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 20 - Trang 666-669 - 2001
K. Sandres, M. Dubois, C. Pasquier, J. Puel, J. Izopet
Two serotyping assays for hepatitis C virus (Serotyping 1–6 assay; Murex, UK and RIBA Serotyping SI; Chiron, USA) were compared to a standardized genotyping assay (Inno-LiPA HCV II; Innogenetics, Belgium) using serum samples collected from 126 patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. Serotyping was positive in 87% and 80% of the samples tested with Murex and Chiron, respectively, and concordant with genotyping in 93% and 88%, respectively. Sequence analysis of the NS5b region of 15 samples with discrepant typing results confirmed the Inno-LiPA finding in all instances. The Murex enzyme immunoassay serotyping method was less sensitive for identifying genotype 2 (P<0.05). The concordance with genotyping of the RIBA serotyping method was lower for genotype 2 than for the other genotypes (P<0.05).
A new disk diffusion test for presumptive identification of group B streptococci
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 4 - Trang 66-67 - 1985
P. CollFiga, B. Mirelis Otero, V. Ausina Ruiz, G. Prats Pastor
Specific IgG4 response directed against the 45-kDa glycoprotein in trichinellosis: a re-evaluation of patients 15 years after infection
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 26 Số 9 - Trang 641-645 - 2007
Elena Pinelli, M. Mommers, L. M. Kortbeek, Barbara Castagna, D. Piergili-Fioretti, Fabrizio Bruschi
Differences Between National Reference Laboratories of the European Community in Their Ability to Serotype Salmonella Species
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - - 2002
N Voogt, W J B Wannet, N. J. D. Nagelkerke, A.M. Henken
Comparative activity of various compounds against clinical strains of herpes simplex virus
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 11 - Trang 143-151 - 1992
G. Andrei, R. Snoeck, P. Goubau, J. Desmyter, E. De Clercq
The following compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against clinical strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in both primary rabbit kidney (PRK) and HeLa cell cultures: (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA), 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC), (RS)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (HPMPDAP), 5-(5-bromothien-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BTDU), 5-(5-chlorothien-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine (CTDU), 9-(2-deoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-β-D-erythro-oxetanosyl)guanine (OXT-G), pentosan polysulfate, heparin, dextran sulfate (MW 10,000), acyclovir, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV), (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU), 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-uracil (BVaraU), vidarabine (9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine) (ara-A) and phosphonoformate (PFA). The most potent inhibitors of HSV-1 were (in order of decreasing activity in PRK cells) BVDU, ACV, BVaraU and OXT-G, their mean 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 0.02 µg/ml to 0.9 µg/ml. Then followed BTDU and CTDU (IC50 1–2 µg/ml), the sulfated polysaccharides (IC50 1.3–5.8 µg/ml), the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives (IC50 5.6–25 µg/ml), ara-A (IC50 11 µg/ml) and PFA (IC50 38.5 µg/ml). Except for BVDU, BVaraU, BTDU and CTDU, the compounds did not discriminate between HSV-2 and HSV-1. All the compounds studied could be considered specific anti-HSV agents. Their selectivity indexes varied from 3 (PFA) to 6400 (BVDU).
Methicillin-susceptible, non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant and multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a clinical, epidemiological and microbiological comparative study
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 27 - Trang 355-364 - 2008
W. J. Munckhof, G. R. Nimmo, J. Carney, J. M. Schooneveldt, F. Huygens, J. Inman-Bamber, E. Tong, A. Morton, P. Giffard
Non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (nmMRSA) infections are emerging worldwide and are often community-associated. This prospective case–cohort study compares features of 96 nmMRSA clinical isolates with 96 matched multiresistant MRSA (mMRSA) and 192 matched methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates. Seventy-four percent of nmMRSA infections were healthcare-associated. nmMRSA infections were much more likely to involve skin and soft tissue (skin and soft tissue infections; SSTIs) and were much less likely to be treated appropriately with antibiotics than MSSA or mMRSA infections. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in 55% of nmMRSA, 16% of MSSA and 2% of mMRSA isolates. Independent of the methicillin-resistance phenotype, 59% of PVL-positive SSTIs presented as furunculosis compared to only 10% of PVL-negative SSTIs. Patients with PVL-positive infections were much younger than patients with PVL-negative infections. The proportion of PVL-positive infections peaked in the 10–29 years old age group, followed by a linear decline.
Resistance, serotype and genetic diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae-resistant strains isolated in the West Pomerania region of Poland in the years 2001–2005
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 27 - Trang 769-777 - 2008
M. Nowosiad, S. Giedrys-Kalemba
The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance patterns, serotypes and genetic diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae-resistant strains isolated in the West Pomerania region of Poland. They were clinical isolates obtained during a 5-year study (2001–2005) mainly from ambulatory patients with upper respiratory tract infections. The strains showed resistance to 8 out of 9 tested antibiotics (except vancomycin) and 53.8% of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The increase over time in the number of MDR strains and in resistance degrees was not statistically significant. Resistance to cotrimoxazole was the most frequent (86.7%). Penicillin nonsusceptibility was shown in 38% of the strains and resistance to macrolides in 36.7% of the strains, mainly of MLSB phenotype (94.1%). A significant resistance increase was only observed for beta-lactam antibiotic. The population of S. pneumoniae-resistant strains in our region presented 31 resistance patterns, 13 serotypes and a high genetic diversity—70 pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles have been described: 44 of them were unique and 26 clusters consisted of 2 to 30 strains similar by more than 87%. Cluster I, grouping 30 strains of similar resistant patterns (TSH: 70%, SH, TH, T, H, S) and mainly serotype 19F, isolated over the 5 years of the study, could represent a new national clone. The polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine covers 83.5%, while the conjugated 7-, 9- and 11-valent vaccines cover 79.1–79.7% of the resistant strains collected in our region. A statistically significant decrease of vaccine coverage in time has been noted.
The impact of varicella vaccination on paediatric herpes zoster epidemiology: a Canadian population-based retrospective cohort study
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - Tập 40 - Trang 2363-2370 - 2021
Ellen Rafferty, Laura Reifferscheid, Margaret L. Russell, Stephanie Booth, Lawrence W. Svenson, Shannon E. MacDonald
The impact of universal varicella vaccination on herpes zoster (HZ) risk in unvaccinated and vaccinated children, and its long-term influence on HZ epidemiology, remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-based administrative health data for children born between 1993 and 2018 (n = 924,124). We calculated age-specific cumulative HZ incidence rates by vaccination status for cohorts born before (1993–1999) and after (2000–2018) programme implementation; results were used to calculate relative risk of HZ by age group, vaccination status and vaccine availability period. Annual HZ incidence rates were calculated for 1993–2018. HZ risk was higher among unvaccinated children compared to vaccinated children across age groups; 64% higher before universal vaccination (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.39), and 32% higher after universal vaccination (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.73). Among unvaccinated children, HZ risk was 60% lower after vaccine programme implementation (RR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.43). Two-dose receipt corresponded with a 41% lower risk of HZ compared to one-dose receipt (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.65). Crude annual HZ incidence rates declined 64% after programme implementation, with decreases observed across age groups. Universal varicella vaccination programme implementation corresponds to decreased paediatric HZ incidence across age groups, in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Results from this study can be used to help inform varicella vaccination programme decision-making in other countries.
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