This paper presents an overview and discusses the applications of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement in civil engineering structures. Following a discussion of the science underpinning their use, selected case studies where FRP reinforcement has been used are presented. The use of FRP reinforcement is rapidly gaining pace and may replace the traditional steel due to its e...... hiện toàn bộ
The purpose of the article is to highlight for adjudicators key issues arising under the JCT 81 standard form of building contract which need to be understood in order to reach adjudicator’s decisions. It discusses the responsibility for design and the certifying and valuing functions of the contract administrator and quantity surveyor under JCT 80 and compares them with the way they are d...... hiện toàn bộ
Suggests that good forward planning in respect of dilapidations liabilities can make a tremendous difference for both landlords and tenants. It is therefore important for the practising surveyor to have a good working knowledge of the law and practice. Sets out pointers to good practice on the practical side. Discusses some important principles of law and draws examples from recent cases.<...
Reviews a series of building services with an emphasis on
maintenance systems and policies. Discusses commissioning as the hinge
between construction and use. Explores the evolution in maintenance
thinking and the relationship between the building and those who occupy
it. Examines reliability‐centred maintenance, including time as a basis
of maintenance, posing seven questions which lie at...... hiện toàn bộ
The first paper in this series identified the plight of empty buildings and explored the legilation that applies. It concluded that existing legal safeguards are inadequate and the few permissive powers of protection that do exist are rarely used by local authorities. The second looked at the costs of leaving buildings empty and a number of initiatives which have been made to bring the bui...... hiện toàn bộ