This paper presents an overview and discusses the applications of fibre
reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement in civil engineering structures.
Following a discussion of the science underpinning their use, selected case
studies where FRP reinforcement has been used are presented. The use of FRP
reinforcement is rapidly gaining pace and may replace the traditional steel due
to its enhanced ... hiện toàn bộ
The purpose of the article is to highlight for adjudicators key issues arising
under the JCT 81 standard form of building contract which need to be understood
in order to reach adjudicator’s decisions. It discusses the responsibility for
design and the certifying and valuing functions of the contract administrator
and quantity surveyor under JCT 80 and compares them with the way they are dealt
wit... hiện toàn bộ
The first question is why provide comfort air‐conditioning (AC) at all? In
considerations of whether or not to adopt AC, a point to remember constantly is
that only AC can provide effective cooling in the summer period in the UK,
whereas, by contrast, the provision of ventilation, either by natural or
mechanical means, and other palliative measures, such as the introduction of
solar control glazin... hiện toàn bộ
Describes the technical challenges presented by railway arch refurbishment, and
how these challenges are being overcome. Considers the problems, constraints,
and user requirements of arches, and the refurbishment techniques and services
applied to them. Concludes that arch refurbishment benefits the railway
financially as well as benefiting the community as a whole.