Earthquake Spectra
8755-2930
1944-8201
Mỹ
Cơ quản chủ quản: Elsevier , ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA , SAGE Publications Inc. , Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
Lĩnh vực:
Condensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces, Coatings and FilmsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringMetals and AlloysMaterials ChemistryInstrumentationElectronic, Optical and Magnetic MaterialsGeophysicsGeotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Các bài báo tiêu biểu
A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities This paper presents a conceptual framework to define seismic resilience of communities and quantitative measures of resilience that can be useful for a coordinated research effort focusing on enhancing this resilience. This framework relies on the complementary measures of resilience: “Reduced failure probabilities,” “Reduced consequences from failures,” and “Reduced time to recovery.” The framework also includes quantitative measures of the “ends” of robustness and rapidity, and the “means” of resourcefulness and redundancy, and integrates those measures into the four dimensions of community resilience—technical, organizational, social, and economic—all of which can be used to quantify measures of resilience for various types of physical and organizational systems. Systems diagrams then establish the tasks required to achieve these objectives. This framework can be useful in future research to determine the resiliency of different units of analysis and systems, and to develop resiliency targets and detailed analytical procedures to generate these values.
Tập 19 Số 4 - Trang 733-752 - 2003
NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10 <i>s</i> We present a new empirical ground motion model for PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% damped linear elastic response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01–10 s. The model was developed as part of the PEER Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We used a subset of the PEER NGA database for which we excluded recordings and earthquakes that were believed to be inappropriate for estimating free-field ground motions from shallow earthquake mainshocks in active tectonic regimes. We developed relations for both the median and standard deviation of the geometric mean horizontal component of ground motion that we consider to be valid for magnitudes ranging from 4.0 up to 7.5–8.5 (depending on fault mechanism) and distances ranging from 0–200 km. The model explicitly includes the effects of magnitude saturation, magnitude-dependent attenuation, style of faulting, rupture depth, hanging-wall geometry, linear and nonlinear site response, 3-D basin response, and inter-event and intra-event variability. Soil nonlinearity causes the intra-event standard deviation to depend on the amplitude of PGA on reference rock rather than on magnitude, which leads to a decrease in aleatory uncertainty at high levels of ground shaking for sites located on soil.
Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 139-171 - 2008
Structure-Specific Scalar Intensity Measures for Near-Source and Ordinary Earthquake Ground Motions Introduced in this paper are several alternative ground-motion intensity measures ( IMs) that are intended for use in assessing the seismic performance of a structure at a site susceptible to near-source and/or ordinary ground motions. A comparison of such IMs is facilitated by defining the “efficiency” and “sufficiency” of an IM, both of which are criteria necessary for ensuring the accuracy of the structural performance assessment. The efficiency and sufficiency of each alternative IM, which are quantified via (i) nonlinear dynamic analyses of the structure under a suite of earthquake records and (ii) linear regression analysis, are demonstrated for the drift response of three different moderate- to long-period buildings subjected to suites of ordinary and of near-source earthquake records. One of the alternative IMs in particular is found to be relatively efficient and sufficient for the range of buildings considered and for both the near-source and ordinary ground motions.
Tập 23 Số 2 - Trang 357-392 - 2007
NGA Project Strong-Motion Database A key component of the NGA research project was the development of a strong-motion database with improved quality and content that could be used for ground-motion research as well as for engineering practice. Development of the NGA database was executed through the Lifelines program of the PEER Center with contributions from several research organizations and many individuals in the engineering and seismological communities. Currently, the data set consists of 3551 publicly available multi-component records from 173 shallow crustal earthquakes, ranging in magnitude from 4.2 to 7.9. Each acceleration time series has been corrected and filtered, and pseudo absolute spectral acceleration at multiple damping levels has been computed for each of the 3 components of the acceleration time series. The lowest limit of usable spectral frequency was determined based on the type of filter and the filter corner frequency. For NGA model development, the two horizontal acceleration components were further rotated to form the orientation-independent measure of horizontal ground motion (GMRotI50). In addition to the ground-motion parameters, a large and comprehensive list of metadata characterizing the recording conditions of each record was also developed. NGA data have been systematically checked and reviewed by experts and NGA developers.
Tập 24 Số 1 - Trang 23-44 - 2008
Applied Incremental Dynamic Analysis We are presenting a practical and detailed example of how to perform incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), interpret the results and apply them to performance-based earthquake engineering. IDA is an emerging analysis method that offers thorough seismic demand and capacity prediction capability by using a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses under a multiply scaled suite of ground motion records. Realization of its opportunities requires several steps and the use of innovative techniques at each one of them. Using a nine-story steel moment-resisting frame with fracturing connections as a test bed, the reader is guided through each step of IDA: (1) choosing suitable ground motion intensity measures and representative damage measures, (2) using appropriate algorithms to select the record scaling, (3) employing proper interpolation and (4) summarization techniques for multiple records to estimate the probability distribution of the structural demand given the seismic intensity, and (5) defining limit-states, such as the dynamic global system instability, to calculate the corresponding capacities. Finally, (6) the results can be used to gain intuition for the structural behavior, highlighting the connection between the static pushover (SPO) and the dynamic response, or (7) they can be integrated with conventional probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) to estimate mean annual frequencies of limit-state exceedance. Building upon this detailed example based on the nine-story structure, a complete commentary is provided, discussing the choices that are available to the user, and showing their implications for each step of the IDA.
Tập 20 Số 2 - Trang 523-553 - 2004
Resilience of the Canterbury Hospital System to the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake The paper analyzes the performance of a hospital system using a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Data on impacts to the hospital system were collected using a standardized survey tool. A fault-tree analysis method is adopted to assess the functionality of critical hospital services based on three main contributing factors: staff, structure, and stuff. Damage to utility networks and to nonstructural components was found to have the most significant effect on hospital functionality. The functional curve is integrated over time to estimate the resilience of the regional acute-care hospital with and without the redistribution of its major services. The ability of the hospital network to offer redundancies in services after the earthquake increased the resilience of the Christchurch Hospital by 12%. The resilience method can be used to assess future performance of hospitals, and to quantify the effectiveness of seismic retrofits, hospital safety legislation, and new seismic preparedness strategies.
Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 533-554 - 2014
Testing of Masonry Structures for Seismic Assessment The experimental evaluation of strength, deformability, and energy dissipation capacity of unreinforced masonry buildings subjected to seismic loadings presents unique and complex problems, both for laboratory and field evaluations. The paper addresses these problems, focusing on the relative merits and roles of several experimental techniques, including quasistatic, dynamic, and pseudodynamic loadings at full and reduced scale.
Tập 12 Số 1 - Trang 145-162 - 1996
Black phosphorus nanosheets adhering to thionine-doped 2D MOF as a smart aptasensor enabling accurate capture and ratiometric electrochemical detection of target microRNA
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A wearable potentiometric sensor with integrated salt bridge for sweat chloride measurement
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Life-Cycle Risk Assessment of Spatially Distributed Aging Bridges under Seismic and Traffic Hazards This paper presents a rational framework for the quantitative assessment of life-cycle risk of bridges within a transportation network. Bridge vulnerability is evaluated with respect to seismic and abnormal traffic hazards. The effects induced by seismic hazard are investigated by means of fragility analysis. Random earthquakes are generated using Latin Hypercube sampling technique, and probabilities of exceeding specific structural damage states are computed for each specific seismic scenario. Traffic hazard is assessed considering Weibull distributed time-to-failure of the bridge superstructure. Epistemic and aleatory uncertainties are accounted for in order to provide a rational assessment of life-cycle risk. Consequence analysis includes different levels of bridge serviceability (fully serviceable, partly serviceable, closed, and collapsed), and monetary values are used to evaluate direct and indirect consequences. Seismic risk, traffic-induced risk, and total risk are evaluated for a group of existing bridges located north of the San Diego metropolitan area.
Tập 29 Số 1 - Trang 127-153 - 2013